祁连山自然保护区半翅目昆虫调查初报

于1994~2002年期间,通过林间调查采集标本鉴定、查阅历史资料,查对有关单位标本等方法,对祁连山保护区半翅目(Hem iptera)昆虫种类进行了全面调查,整理记录半翅目昆虫13科71种,其中:盲蝽科16种、土蝽科1种、长蝽科8种、红蝽科1种、蛛缘蝽科1种、缘蝽科4种、同蝽科4种、蝽科21种、异蝽科1种、网蝽科3种、姬蝽科5种、猎蝽科3种、花蝽科3种。按食性分,植食性的59种,捕食性的12种。查清了它们的分布,分析了生态学特征。     

Ecology Habits of Equus hemionus and Gazella subgutturosa in Kalamaili Ungulate Reserve in Autumn

IntroductionKalamailiUngulateReserVe(88"30,-90o001E,44o46,-46o00'N),beingfoundedin1982andcovering17,000km',issituatedinsoutheasternDzungariaBasininXinjiang.Wildass(Equushemionus)andGoitredgazelle(GazedssUbgutturosa)arerankedrespectivelyasclass1and11proteCtedanimalsinChina11].ThereservebelongstoinlandlowhillydesertwitheXtremehotsumm\erandcoldwinter.Thevegetationfeaturepresentsscarcecoverage,dwarfplantsandlowbiomes.DominantplantsareHaIOXyIOnammodondfon,ReaumUfissoogaFI'Ca,Art6miSiBsp…     

Altitudinal and longitudinal variations in Pinus brutia (Ten.) of Crete Island,Greece: some needle,cone and seed traits under natural habitats

Four populations representing the entire natural distribution range of Pinus brutia (Ten.) in Crete (Greece) were sampled to determine: (1) Altitudinal variation within populations of Lassithi, Vorizia, Koustagerako, and Samaria, and; (2) Longitudinal variation among the four populations, based on morphological and anatomical differences in cone, needle and seed characteristics. Samples were collected from 10 trees per altitude, at three altitudes in each population. A total of 12 morphological and anatomical traits from needles, cones and seeds were analyzed to assess the altitudinal and longitudinal variations of the species in the island. The number of teeth per cm showed significant (P<0.01) differences between altitudes in Samaria, Vorizia and Lassithi, while needle length, width and the number of resin canals showed significant differences (P<0.01) between altitudes in Koustagerako. Cone width showed patterns of variation along the altitudinal gradient in Koustagerako, Samaria and Vorizia. Most traits had their highest means at the middle altitudes (650masl) in all the four populations. Overall, no clear altitudinal differentiation was detected, probably due to high rate of gene flow. Longitudinal variability showed a clear pattern of differentiation along the east–west climatic gradient. Needle length, width, sheath length, number of teeth per cm and the number of resin canals were the most useful traits for determining the climatic gradient clines.     

历山自然保护区水獭生态的研究

1999年-2000年，在山西省历山国家级自然保护区，对水獭（Lutra lutra)进行了野外调查研究，知本区大河、马家河、龛河等地分布有该兽。对其栖息地、繁殖生物学、生活习性、食物组成及其保护措施进行了研究。     

European forest accounting: general concepts and Austrian experiences

Within the European Union there exist three different frameworks for forest accounting at the national level. For purposes of the national accounts, the regulations of the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts (ESA) have to be observed. They require a distinction between forestry and logging and provide specific guidelines for the valuation of standing timber. In recognition of the special character of forests and forestry production, two satellite accounts are devoted to forestry: the Economic Accounts for Forestry (EAF) and the European Framework for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting for Forests (IEEAF). Although they were designed as complementary to the national accounts and refer to the same basic methodologies, the guidelines for forest accounting provided by the three manuals are not fully compatible. Just recently, a further integration and harmonization of the concepts for forest accounting has been proposed. Austria has implemented the valuation of the increment as an output of forestry as requested by ESA and produces the EAF tables on a regular basis. The possibilities for extending forest accounting to natural resource accounts for standing timber and the IEEAF have been investigated in terms of pilot studies. The Austrian experiences and results exemplify the problems and possible solutions associated with the adoption of the different European schemes. Data deficits and valuation issues restrict the significance of respective results to some degree, especially as regards forestry-specific extensions of the accounting schemes.     

瑞丽江自然保护区现状及发展思路

位于滇西南德宏州的省级瑞丽江自然保护区总面积73 500hm2,主要保护对象是季节雨林、石灰山季雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、珍稀濒危物种、水资源及自然景观。介绍了保护区丰富的资源、管理现状、存在问题,提出了今后发展思路。     

Stand structure of an uneven-aged fir–beech forest with an irregular diameter structure: modeling the development of the Belevine forest, Croatia

This study focuses on the problem of irregular diameter structure in a silver fir–beech selection (plenter) forest with a “surplus” of large diameter trees and a lack of natural regeneration and small diameter trees. We sampled 274 plots (900 m² each) in the Belevine research site (266.24 ha) in the mountain region Gorski Kotar (Croatia), where diameter (dbh) distribution, diameter increment, and natural regeneration were analyzed in detail. A low density of natural regeneration, weak annual recruitment of small (10 cm dbh) diameter trees (only five trees per hectare), delayed diameter growth of trees, and a low annual rate of trees reaching the next dbh class were attributed to the current irregular dbh structure. The stand development prediction for the next 50 years is based on a simulation model, which considers the current diameter structure, increment, recruitment, and future cutting regime. Intensive cutting in the first of five 10-year cutting cycles (intensity higher of 25%) is needed to initiate natural regeneration and to accelerate growth of young silver fir trees. In the next 50 years, the irregular diameter structure will be gradually improved.     

达里诺尔国家级自然保护区游憩服务功能价值评估

对自然资源价值的评估是监测自然资源的保护与可持续开发利用效果的理论基础。文章以内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达里诺尔国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用旅行费用法对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的游憩服务功能进行了价值评估,计算出其游憩总价值为7517万元。这一结果可为达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的资源决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考。     

Research needs for restoring seasonal tropical forests in Thailand: accelerated natural regeneration

Accelerated natural regeneration (ANR) is a relatively cheap method of reforestation, which encourages natural establishment of indigenous trees and shrubs. It requires a low input of labour, but a high input of ecological information. In this paper, the knowledge required to predict and manipulate the natural regeneration of seasonal tropical forest is reviewed and areas in need of further research are identified. Regeneration will be influenced by five groups of potentially limiting factors; site resources (soil and microclimate); competition with weeds; site disturbance; occurrence of established woody plants or their propagules; seed dispersal by wild animals and birds. This paper considers each of these, their interactions with seasons, and each other. Collation of existing information on these topics, combined with the suggested further research, should facilitate the creation of tools that will enable practitioners to judge the regeneration potential of sites and to select the most appropriate ANR techniques.     

福建永春油杉天然林群落结构及物种多样性研究

在对福建永春油杉天然林群落系统调查的基础上,对该群落的植物区系成分、结构特征和物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明：该群落共有维管束植物131种,隶属于60科111属 .包括藤本植物在内的高位芽植物占总数的71.75%,区系组成以泛热带成分较高 ,群落结构较为复杂.物种多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）以草本层最高,为2.245 1.