湿地生态系统对污水中重金属的修复作用

湿地污水处理技术的研究是国内外众多学者关注的热点之一。综合国内外在污水湿地处理技术方面的研究成果,对湿地生态系统及其各组成要素对重金属污染的修复作用及其作用机理进行了讨论,针对目前利用湿地生态系统进行重金属污染废水修复过程中应注意的几个问题进行了探讨,并对今后研究发展方向进行了评述。     

Seasonal changes in periphyton nitrogen fixation in a protected tropical wetland

Cyanobacteria are important for global nitrogen cycle and often form complex associations referred to as cyanobacterial mats or periphyton that are common in tropical, limestone-based wetlands. The objective of this study was to monitor the nitrogen fixation rate using the acetylene reduction assay of these cyanobacterial mats in a tropical, unfertilized, and protected wetland. To account for temporal and spatial variation of nitrogenase activity, we were interested in seasons in a hydrological cycle (dry, rains, and end of rains), sites with different vascular vegetation, and rates of nitrogenase activity in a 24-h cycle. The annual average of nitrogenase activity was 22 nmol C₂H₄ cm⁻² h⁻¹, with a range of <6 to 35 nmol C₂H₄ cm⁻² h⁻¹, and the annual nitrogen fixation rate of our study site (9.0 g N m⁻² year⁻¹) is higher than similar estimates from other freshwater wetlands. There was a clear temporal pattern in nitrogenase activity with a maximum rate occurring during the rainy season (August) and a maximum nitrogenase activity occurring between 0600 and 1200 hours. We found spatial differences in nitrogenase activity among the four sites that could be attributed to variations in species composition within the periphyton.     

塘渠-湿地复合系统治理农业面源污染研究

The effects of agricultural non-point source pollution control by pond-wetland combined system in Shenxi river basin of Anji county were studied based on nearly one-years experiment. The removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the pond-wetland combined system was also studied with different inlet wastewater concentration and time. The results showed that the removal effect of TN, TP, and COD in pond-wetland combined system was fairly good. The removal rate of TN, TP, and COD in the system could respectively reach 96%, 98%, 82% when the TN, TP, and COD of inlet wastewater reach the highest point 33.3, 0.99, and 121.6 mg·L^-1. Generally, the removal effect of the system was better in plant growth season and higher concentration of inlet wastewater period.     

我国湿地保护法制建设的简要回顾与展望

回顾了我国湿地保护立法的2个阶段,总结了我国湿地保护法制建设的主要成就,分析了存在的主要问题。对出台一部国家级的湿地保护综合性立法、加大湿地保护综合协调和组织机构建设进行了展望。     

北京湿地现状调查与分析

通过对北京市湿地资源普查结果和湿地动态变化的分析,对水资源、湿地植物资源、湿地动物资源、湿地生态旅游资源、湿地土地资源的合理利用提出了建议。     

论森林、淡水与湿地——以福建省为例

针对森林生态系统的作用、功能,结合福建省的山地森林,与流域淡水及湿地中的水源水质的密切关系,提出:要保护好森林资源,以及流域内的淡水和湿地;要从系统整体性出发,防范森林退化、破坏,以及流域内的淡水与湿地的破坏与污染问题。     

辽河三角洲湿地景观演变研究——以盘锦市为例

利用多时期的遥感数据和基于地理信息信息系统的景观格局研究方法,分析了辽河三角洲近30a来的景观演变规律。通过对比分析研究区4个时期的景观格局图(1976年、1989年、1998年、2004年),并计算主要景观类型的面积、斑块数、景观指数以及不同年代间的景观类型转移矩阵。结果表明:研究区近30a来景观类型并没有发生变化,景观格局的变化主要体现在主要景观类型的空间转化上,而且转化的速度和程度较大,其主要原因是人类活动和干扰,尤其是农业开发、油田开发以及城市化发展。     

鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性及其保护对策

鄱阳湖是我国最大的淡水湖泊,湖区湿地面积2698km2,是我国湿地生态系统中生物资源最丰富的地区之一。长期以来由于人类不合理的开发利用,导致了鄱阳湖湿地面积和景观结构发生了很大变化,湿地生态功能也遭到严重破坏,生物多样性不断减少。分析了鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性现状、及其面临的威胁,并提出了鄱阳湖湿地生物多样性保护及其可持续利用的主要对策。     

黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地土壤氧化还原酶活性与养分通径分析

运用通径分析法研究黄河三角洲冲击平原湿地土壤中氧化还原酶活性与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:土壤氧化还原酶活性关于土壤化学性质的标准化多元线性回归方程分别可以解释81.65%的过氧化氢酶活性变化和86.2%的过氧化物酶活性变化,剩余通径系数为0.428 4和0.371 5。土壤有机质成为影响冲积平原湿地土壤氧化还原酶活性最主要的因素。     

河口湿地生态环境需水量计算方法概述与应用实例

河口湿地的保护越来越受到重视,计算湿地的生态环境需水量就更加重要。介绍了河口湿地生态环境需水量的计算方法,并以双台子河口湿地为例计算了其最大、最适和最小生态环境需水量,对双台子河口湿地的生态保护和水资源规划起到一定的指导作用。