某轿车正碰安全性分析及优化

针对2012年新版C-NCAP,对某自主品牌汽车进行了正面100％重叠刚性壁障碰撞仿真.整车有限元模型的建立基于PAM-CRASH软件平台,模拟本车正面碰撞过程,根据仿真的结果,对该车型的的碰撞特性做了深入研究分析,并和实车数据进行了对标,提出提高车身正面碰撞安全性能及措施.计算结果表明,改进措施效果明显.     

非饱和土壤中指流的研究进展

指流是土壤中普遍存在的一种水分和溶质运移形式,土壤中发生的指流现象将导致水分和溶质快速向下迁移,从而引起深层土壤和地下水的污染以及水分和养分的流失。因此,掌握其研究动态并对其进行深入研究很有现实意义。针对指流的实际情况,从非饱和土壤中指流的试验方法、机理研究和模型预测等方面,综合评述了国内外的研究动态,并探讨了目前存在的问题和发展前景。     

高等学校院（系）统战工作初探

院（系）是高校的基层,在高校整统战工作中承担着具体的统战任务.本文提出了院（系）要从建立工作机制、加强思想政治工作、营造良好环境、充分发挥党外知识分子作用等方面努力做好高校院（系）的统战工作.     

前置式双圆盘割草机的研制与试验

主要论述了9YG-130型双圆盘割草机的构造及主要参数的设计与计算，该机型可置于小型拖拉机前方，由液压控制升降，调整割茬高度。通过生产试验表明，各项指标均达到设计与草业技术要求，其参数可作为圆盘割草机的设计依据。     

人为侵入体对城市绿地土壤水分入渗特征的影响

在快速城市化过程中,人为侵入体大量混入绿地,改变了土壤的三相组成及孔隙特征,但其对城市绿地土壤的入渗影响仍不清楚。基于一维垂直土柱入渗模拟,以典型人为侵入体砖块和混凝土碎块为例,研究其对城市绿地土壤水分入渗的影响特征。结果表明:(1)人为侵入体的混入均会抑制城市绿地土壤水分下渗,导致其稳定入渗速率降低,累积入渗量、湿润锋距离和土壤体积含水量减小,深层土壤水分变化滞后。同一配比下,以混凝土碎块对土壤水分入渗的抑制作用更为明显(P0.1);(2)随着人为侵入体配比从10%增加到20%,土壤稳定入渗率、累积入渗量、湿润锋距离和土壤体积含水量仍持续减小或略有增加,但差异均不显著(P0.1),其对土壤水分下渗的抑制作用渐趋减弱。(3)不同类型人为侵入体及配比下,城市绿地土壤水分的入渗量随时间变化更加符合Kostiakov模型。研究结果可为未来海绵城市的高效建设提供科学依据。     

Assessment of soil structure repair due to wetting and drying cycles through 2D tomographic image analysis

Soil structure is very important in agriculture since it affects soil and plant root attributes, such as root system distribution, soil water and nutrient transport, and heat transfer. Degraded soil structures may be repaired by wetting and drying cycles due to changes in the soil pore system. Gamma-ray computed tomography (CT) was used as a tool to evaluate the effect of wetting/drying cycles on soil structure repair, using samples collected in aluminum cylinders. A first-generation tomograph with an ²⁴¹Am source and a 7.62 cm × 7.62 cm NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal detector coupled to a photomultiplier tube were employed. Image analysis and tomographic unit profiles showed that CT can provide an insight into sample structure in order to evaluate repairs and so improves the use of this tool in relation to the judgement of the quality of measured soil physical properties.     

Microbial response time to sugar and amino acid additions to soil

Soil microbial respiration is derived predominantly from the turnover of carbohydrates and proteins in soil. In most agricultural ecosystems, these C compounds enter soil mainly from rhizodeposition (root exudation and turnover). Our aim was to determine how long it takes for the microbial population to reach their maximum mineralization potential after the addition of low-molecular-weight (MW) rhizodeposits to the soil. We added sugar in the form of glucose and amino acids in the form of glycine to an arable, grazed grassland, Eucalyptus forest and boreal forest soil and monitored CO₂ efflux over a 6-h period. Artificial rainwater amended (zero C addition) or unamended soils were used as controls. The Michaelis-Menten substrate utilization profiles showed vastly different patterns of microbial mineralization capacity and substrate affinity between the soils. However, in all soils we showed that activation of the soil microbial community to C addition occurred almost instantaneously (?60 s) with the average time taken to reach half maximal CO₂ production being 14±8 min for glucose and 10±8 min for glycine. After reaching their maximal mineralization potential, the rate of CO₂ evolution remained constant for the remainder of the experiment. Our results showed that while substrate uptake and mineralization within the soil microbial biomass was activated quickly, subsequent adaptation and upregulation of its C processing capacity did not occur at least in the short term. The fast rate of microbial activation and substrate use we partially attribute to the large degree of functional redundancy that exists within the soil microbial community for processing rhizodeposits.     

膜孔单点源肥液入渗湿润体特性试验研究

该文通过室内试验，研究了单点源肥液入渗的湿润体特性。研究结果表明：湿润锋的纵剖面形状曲线符合椭圆方程；湿润锋运移距离随时间的变化符合幂函数方程；建立了湿润体纵剖面动态变化的数学模型和膜孔肥液入渗累积入渗量的经验模型以及湿润体平均含水率随时间变化的关系。在此基础上，研究了湿润体内土壤水分的分布特性。该研究为进一步进行膜孔灌溉技术研究奠定了基础。     

无压灌溉土壤湿润体含水率分布规律与模拟模型研究

该文通过室内试验，分析研究了无压灌溉土壤入渗率变化过程和土壤湿润体内含水率分布规律。试验结果表明：无压灌溉的累计入渗量与时间呈幂指数关系，土壤入渗率趋于零是无压灌溉过程结束的标志。同时，引进场的概念，结合土壤含水率试验数据，建立了无压灌溉土壤湿润体内含水率分布的理论模拟模型，并用实测值进行了验证。该模型简单、实用、精度高，实测值与预测值之间具有较高的相关性，相关系数达0.899以上。该研究结果对大田土壤水分调节和管理具有指导作用。     

Water-dispersible clay after wetting and drying cycles in four Brazilian oxisols

Widespread intensive land use in the seasonal tropics can damage the physical stability of aggregates. Similar damage can be expected from wetting and drying cycles causing aggregate fragmentation and, consequently, leading to an increase in their specific area and exposure of internal electric charges. Thus, we hypothetised that the influence of wetting and drying cycles is dependent on the mineralogical composition of oxisols (latosols) and it is higher in soils with low aggregate stability. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to test this hypothesis in highly weathered soils from Brazil, all with variable-charge clays and highly stable aggregates. Wetting and drying cycles were defined from the quantity of water available between field capacity and the permanent wilting point. Soil columns were submitted to 0, 2, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 wetting and drying cycles. After each number of wetting and drying defined physical and chemical properties were determined. Statistical analysis, such as simple and multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation were performed, showing significantly correlated WDC contents with wetting and drying cycles. The obtained results led to the conclusion that there was a close interdependence among mineralogical composition, aggregate stability and WDC influenced by wetting and drying cycles. Soils of reduced aggregate stability like kaolinitcs made them more susceptible to the action of wetting and drying on the WDC. Changes in the WDC with wetting and drying cycles showed correlated with eletrochemical properties.