马尾松种子生活力与发芽指标相关性的初步研究

马尾松(pinus massoniana)种子实验室发芽率与生活力之间存在线性相关,其数学表达式为y~(-1)=1.0756x~(-1)-0.000826。场圃发芽率与实验室发芽率、生活力之间也存在着线性相关,场圃发芽率与生活力之间存在着y~(-1)=1.144x~(-1)+0.0002375的关系。场圃发芽率与实验室发芽率存在着y~(-1)=1.2499x~(-1)-0.00189的关系。     

黄瓜花粉生活力的研究

研究了液体培养基浓度、培养时间、不同节位花粉生活力、不同状态花粉寿命、高温及低温对黄瓜花粉生活力的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的液体培养基对花粉生活力影响很大,以15%蔗糖 100 mg/kg硼酸效果最佳;以培养1～1.5 h后观察花粉萌动状态效果较好;不同节位的雄花花粉生活力差异不大,以中部花为最好;开花后花粉生活力迅速下降,常温下带花冠花粉寿命为26 h,离体花粉寿命仅为6 h;低温条件下,不同品种的花粉萌发力差异显著,可借此来区别品种间抗寒性的差异;30 ℃以上的短时高温对花粉生活力影响很大,使花粉生活力迅速下降.     

GA_3、2,4-D、B和蔗糖对梨花粉生活力及花粉生长速度的影响(英文)

以5个亚洲梨品种为试材,通过离体培养研究了花穗中花的着生部位,不同浓度的GA3、2,4-D和蔗糖对花粉生活力、花粉管生长速度的影响。结果表明,不同品种的花粉生活力差异明显,黄花花粉萌发快;新世纪花粉生活力强,花粉管生长迅速。花的着生位置及花器官的发育程度对花粉生活力有明显影响,边花的生活力比中心花强。不同浓度的B、2,4-D、GA3对花粉萌发及花粉管生长均有不同程度的影响,高浓度的GA3、2,4-D抑制花粉管的生长,但浓度较高的蔗糖能促进花粉粒的萌发和生长,且两者呈正相关(R2=0.983)。     

The porcine sperm reservoir in relation to the function of hyaluronan

The oviduct plays a role in successful animal reproduction not only in spermatozoa and ova transport to the fertilization site but also by affording a microenvironment for fertilization and early embryonic development. The sperm reservoir (SR) is restricted in the uterotubal junction (UTJ) and caudal isthmus. Billions of porcine spermatozoa are distributed to the female reproductive tract during/after insemination, and small amounts of them are stored for about 36–40 hours in the SR, which maintains sperm viability in the pre-ovulation period through its surface epithelium and production of fluid. The SR regulates the release of spermatozoa so that only a small population moves towards the fertilization site (ampulla) to decrease polyspermy. This review attempts to provide information about the structure and function of the porcine SR, its intraluminal content (hyaluronan, HA), and the influences of HA on porcine spermatozoa in vivo. In pigs, the spermatozoa are stored in a mucous-like fluid within the UTJ and caudal isthmus in the pre-ovulation period. The oviduct fluid contains sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-sulfated GAGs, i.e., HA. It is interesting to note that HA is synthesized by hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS-3), and its receptor, CD44, is found in the epithelium of the porcine SR site. Additionally, sperm capacitation does not occur in vivo in the SR during the pre- and peri-ovulation periods, but spermatozoa in the SR will attempt to capacitate if exposed to bicarbonate. However, capacitation in the SR will rise in the post-ovulation period, indicating the role of HA in modulating sperm capacitation after ovulation. All data support the understanding that the porcine SR ensures the viability of fertile spermatozoa and maintains the non-capacitated status during the pre-ovulation period. This basic knowledge about the SR is believed to be useful to advance sperm preparation procedures for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and improve the preservation process of porcine semen.     

Herbicide and winter flood treatments for controlling volunteer rice off-season

Field experiments were conducted to study the efficacy of 12 herbicide treatments for volunteer rice control with, or without, winter-flooding in Stuttgart and Rohwer, Arkansas, USA over two years (2012–13 and 2013–14). Herbicides were applied either in the fall or at 35 d prior to planting rice in the spring. Commercially harvested Clearfield™ long-grain inbred rice 'CL152' was used as volunteer rice seed, broadcasted and lightly incorporated in October, 2012 and 2013. 'Jupiter' (medium-grain inbred, conventional rice) was planted in May as the rice crop. Winter-flood was initiated soon after the fall herbicide treatments were applied and terminated in February. Winter-flood reduced volunteer rice germination by 34% in 2013 and by 40% in 2014. Some fall herbicide treatments, without winter flood, generally caused more injury to the rice crop planted in the spring than the winter-flooded treatments. Fall application of pyroxasulfone (0.12 kg ha⁻¹), flumioxazin (0.14 kg ha⁻¹), and sulfentrazone (0.34 kg ha⁻¹) as well as pre-plant application of pyroxasulfone (0.12 kg ha⁻¹) and 2,4-D (2.24 kg ha⁻¹), resulted in lower volunteer rice infestation, averaged over flood treatments. Pre-plant application of 2,4-D (2.24 kg ha⁻¹), sulfentrazone in the fall (0.34 kg ha⁻¹) and pyroxasulfone pre-plant (0.12 kg ha⁻¹) injured the rice crop by 20%, 23%, and 47%, respectively. Fall application of pyroxasulfone (0.12 kg ha⁻¹) followed by a lower rate of 2,4-D (1.12 kg ha⁻¹) 35 d pre-plant caused minimal (6%) crop injury and did not reduce yield. This treatment provided better volunteer rice control (73%) than pyroxasulfone alone at 0.12 kg ha⁻¹ applied in the fall (64%). To evaluate the overwintering potential of hybrid and non-hybrid volunteer seeds, these seed types were planted at three depths (0, 7.5, 15 cm) in flooded and non-flooded conditions in a buried-pot experiment at Stuttgart and Rohwer over 2 years. Winter-flood reduced rice germination by 50% in 2013–14 and 40% in 2014–15 (averaged over seed type and burial depth), after 160 d and 130 d of burial, respectively. After the winter, the viability of hybrid seed (germinable + dormant) was higher (13 and 53%) than that of non-hybrid seed (8 and 27%) in both years.     

蓝眼菊花粉生活力测定与贮存方法研究

蓝眼菊是近年来的新兴花卉,市场开发前景广阔。本文用TTC法、中性红法和I2-KI法测定了蓝眼菊花粉生活力,并研究不同贮藏温度和不同时间下其活力变化规律。结果表明,I2-KI简单有效,比较适合用于蓝眼菊花粉生活力测定;在-196℃、-20℃和4℃三个贮藏条件下,温度越低花粉生活力保存时间越长;在低温、超低温贮藏过程中存在不同程度的冷刺激现象,即在特定时期贮藏花粉活力会升高。     

多效唑和赤霉素对小麦不育系柱头生活力的影响

在杂交小麦制种区,进行以不同浓度多效唑拌种为主区,叶面喷施赤霉素为副区的裂区设计试验,研究2种激素对不育系柱头生活力的效应。结果表明:与对照相比,不育系多效唑拌种,柱头平均增长1.76%~7.92%,柱头外露率提高0.39%~5.03%,颖壳张开角度增大5.41%~16.07%,从而显著提高异交结实率,在此基础上喷施赤霉素进一步提高柱头生活力的效果不显著;多效唑拌种,使不育系的柱头生活力高峰期提前3~4 d,但不能延长柱头授粉的持续时间。多效唑拌种各处理以120 g/hm2最佳,异交结实率可达到55.87%。     

紫薇花粉贮藏及花粉活力的分析

分析了3个紫薇品种花粉活力及不同贮藏温度对花粉活力的影响,结果表明:3个紫薇品种鲜花粉活力存在极显著差别.低温有效地延长了花粉活力的保持时间,在4℃条件下,花粉活力保持164.278 h;在-20℃条件下,花粉活力保持141.278 h;在室温条件下,紫薇花粉活力仅保持18.444 h.     

授粉方式对玉米自交系农艺性状和遗传性影响的研究

种植不同授粉方式的玉米种子,对其株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数等农艺性状进行比较,并测定其特殊配合力,分析不同授粉方式获得的杂交种的产量差异。试验表明:各种授粉方式对玉米自交系的农艺性状和特殊配合力无显著影响,基本保持了原有自交系的典型农艺性状和遗传力。因此,在同一自交系内,不论采用何种授粉方式,由于个体间的遗传背景相同,其自交系的农艺性状及遗传性保持相对稳定。     

超低温(-196℃)保存杂交水稻恢复系花粉的研究

试验研究了杂交水稻恢复系芬粉液氮超低温（－１９６℃）保存的技术。结果表明,含水量在５．８０％至２９．６０％范围内的花粉,超低温保存后,超低温保存后,田间授粉均能桔实,含水量１３．２４％的花粉结实率最高,达６５．０％。经统计分析,含水量１３．２４％和９．１１％的花粉,其结实率与对照新鲜花粉无显著差异。试验表明,花粉干燥的适宜温度为１０℃,此温度下干燥,对花粉生活力影响较小。花粉的生活力染色测定以联苯