华中地区3种蔬菜对铅的耐性和累积特性差异研究

[目的]比较华中地区3种常见蔬菜对铅污染的耐性和累积特性的差异。[方法]在不同浓度Pb胁迫下,对萝卜、小白菜和苋菜进行种子萌发试验和盆栽试验,研究不同处理对蔬菜种子发芽率、幼苗生长、生物量及Pb含量的影响。[结果]不同浓度Pb胁迫对3种蔬菜种子的发芽率无明显的影响,2 000 mg/L Pb胁迫对蔬菜苗长具有0.05水平显著影响,小白菜对过量Pb毒害的耐性强于萝卜和苋菜;在施加Pb浓度为0~100 mg/kg时,萝卜和小白菜的食用部位Pb含量均低于食品卫生标准;在施加Pb浓度为100和500 mg/kg的处理中,萝卜的可食部位Pb含量低于小白菜和苋菜。[结论]萝卜抗土壤Pb污染的能力最强,比小白菜和苋菜更适合在Pb污染的农田上种植,以减少Pb进入食物链。     

开展采后预冷工程化研究 促进我国蔬菜产业健康发展

蔬菜采后预冷是蔬菜产业化生产冷链建设中非常重要的环节,在我国还没有实现真正意义上的蔬菜采后预冷。文章在分析蔬菜采后预冷的重要性和预冷技术研究现状的基础上,从工程化研究特征着手,探讨了蔬菜采后预冷工程化研究的主要内容,并提出了推动蔬菜预冷工程化研究的几点建议,以期通过相关人员的共同努力,促进蔬菜产业的健康、可持续发展。     

施肥对蔬菜品质影响研究进展

从蔬菜品质的概念、施肥与蔬菜品质的关系等方面作一综述。供中国蔬菜科研工作者参考。     

河南省蔬菜产业发展现状及存在的问题

论述了发展河南蔬菜产业的重要意义、河南蔬菜产业发展的现状及在发展过程中存在的主要问题。     

茄果类蔬菜的贮藏保鲜技术

茄果类蔬菜为季节性蔬菜,有计划地选择部分优质蔬菜进行贮藏保鲜,是一项增产增收的好方法。就茄果类蔬菜贮藏保鲜技术提出措施建议。     

不同种类蔬菜硒元素含量比较试验

通过开展西兰花、白菜花、结球甘蓝、大白菜、娃娃菜5类作物自然富硒和添加硒肥对比试验,研究分析不同作物对硒元素的富集能力。结果表明:自然富硒处理中叶菜类蔬菜不同品种硒含量差异不大,花菜类蔬菜不同品种硒含量差异较大;添加硒肥处理中不同种类蔬菜富集硒的能力不同,同类蔬菜不同品种富集硒的能力也不同。     

The control of polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits and vegetables

Objective of this research was to find alternative methods for the control of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in fruits and vegetables with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the use of SO₂ for this purpose. Interactions between the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, EDTA, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment (70 °C for 2 min) in the control of PPO activity were studied in avocado (var. Fortuna), banana (var. Nanica), apple (var. Ana, Fuji, Gala & Golden), pear (var. D'Agua), peach (var. Real), potato (var. Bintje), eggplant (var. Super F100), mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and hearts-of-palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.). The results demonstrated that PPO of avocado and eggplant was most resistant to inhibition by the methods used. The least efficient method tested for the control of PPO was the addition of ascorbic acid and EDTA, while the most efficient methods investigated included the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment. The results indicated that, with the exception of PPO from avocado, the most adequate alternative method to substitute for the use of SO₂ in the control of PPO was a combination of ascorbic acid, citric acid and heat treatment.     

The toxicants and phosphorus content of some Nigerian vegetables

The oxalate, hydrocyanic acid, phytic acid and phosphorus contents of twelve leafy vegetables were determined. The values ranged from 47.7–194.3 mg/100 g DM, 4.32–23.8 mg/100 g DM, 90–260 mg/100 g DM and 215–1110 mg/100 g DM, respectively. The ratio of phytic acid to phosphorus ranged from 13.9–90.7. The leaves contained low levels of hydrocyanic acid, while the oxalate, phytic acid and phosphorus contents were high. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and nutritive values.     

西宁市不同蔬菜种类农药残留检出率的规律性研究

[目的]掌握蔬菜中农药残留检出率的规律性,为提高西宁市蔬菜质量安全提供参考.[方法]2011～ 2013年在西宁市规模化蔬菜生产基地和农贸市场共采集蔬菜样品784个,采用气相色谱法对其进行农药残留检测.[结果]西宁市蔬菜农药残留检出率具有一定的规律性,1和3月是农药检出的高峰期,其中豆类、甘蓝类和根菜类是农药残留检出率较高的蔬菜种类.农药残留主要集中在三唑酮、甲拌磷、氧化乐果;其次为乙酰甲胺磷、毒死蜱、腐霉利.[结论]为蔬菜生产过程中农药残留的控制提供了理论依据.     

一种蔬菜新型种植模式的探索及应用

为探索新的种植模式,北京巨山农场试验基地将22号温室作为示范化种植推广展示窗口,采用槽式基质栽培苦瓜和丝瓜,提高蔬菜品质和安全,提升蔬菜种植科技水平.