藏民族传统文化对白马雪山生物多样性的影响

白马雪山国家级自然保护区地处青藏高原南延部分 ,由于其独特的地理位置 ,其生物多样性表现为生态系统多样性、物种多样性和遣传多样性。保护区为藏民族地区 ,利用藏传佛教“天人合一”、“忌伤生灵”的基本教义 ,开展社区共管 ,并取得了一定的成效     

关于建立洮河自然保护区的必要性论证

位于甘南藏族自治州境内的洮河林区，总面积479534．6hm^2，森林覆盖率44．72％。区内动植物资源丰富，也是甘南重要的水源涵养林，目前保护形势严峻。论证了建立自然保护区的必要性，持续发挥“洮河天然水库”功能，涵养水源；保护恢复生态环境和野生动植物资源；促进区域社会经济可持续发展。     

黑龙江省天然林资源保护标准与指标体系

在初步建立黑龙江省天然林资源保护标准与指标体系的基础上 ,提出了森林分类、森林区划、森林经营、退耕还林、毁林、森林灾害、森林再生能力、野生动植物资源保护利用与恢复、森林景观及采伐量等 10项具体指标 ,并将它们作为构成天然林资源保护的指标体系。     

高黎贡山自然保护区隆阳管理所实行社区共管的探讨

高黎贡山自然保护区隆阳管理所，辖面积45 700hm^2。其周边社区为多民族聚居区，生产落后，生活贫困，村民在保护区乱采滥挖，破坏生物多样性，构成了对保护区的威胁。近几年来保护区改变思路，实行社区共管，成立农民生物多样性保护协会，实施中荷合作森林保护与社区发展项目，取得了一定的效果。分析了存在的问题。提出了必须采取的措施。     

Uncertainty analysis favours selection of spatially aggregated reserve networks

It has been widely argued that habitat fragmentation is bad for (meta)population persistence and that a high level of fragmentation is a similarly undesirable characteristic for a reserve network. However, modelling the effects of fragmentation for many species is very difficult due to high data demands and uncertainty concerning its effect on particular species. Hence, several reserve selection methods employ qualitative heuristics such as boundary length penalties that aggregate reserve network structures. This aggregation usually comes at a cost because low quality habitats will be included for the sake of increased connectivity. Here a biologically justified method for designing aggregated reserve networks based on a technique called distribution smoothing is investigated. As with the boundary length penalty, its use incurs an apparent biological cost. However, taking a step further, potential negative effects of fragmentation on individual species are evaluated using a decision-theoretic uncertainty analysis approach. This analysis shows that the aggregated reserve network (based on smoothed distributions) is likely to be biologically more valuable than a more fragmented one (based on habitat model predictions). The method is illustrated with a reserve design case study in the Hunter Valley of south-eastern Australia. The uncertainty analysis method, based on information-gap decision theory, provides a systematic framework for making robust decisions under severe uncertainty, making it particularly well adapted to reserve design problems.     

Forest plant biological diversity in Liangshui Nature Reserve

lntroductionBiologicaldiversityorbiodiversityischaracteristicofdiverseandlivingentitygrouporcIass.Diversityexistsatthreedifferentlevelsfwithinspecies(ge-netic),speciesandecosystemIevels.ltisthebasiccharacteristicoflivingsystem(Solbrig1991).UnfoFtunately,explodinghumanpopuIations,6biI-lionpeoplearedegradingtheenvironmentatanac-ceIeratingrate,especialIyindevelopingandundevel-opedcountries.BetWeen2Oand25percentofallthespeciesonEarthmaydisappearwithinthenext3oto4oyears.MeanwhileworIdwidescien…     

玉龙雪山自然保护区国家重点保护野生动植物资源及保护对策

通过野外考察和查阅文献资料,按照《濒危野生动植物国际贸易公约》附录I、附录Ⅱ及国家颁布的重点保护野生动植物名录,对丽江玉龙雪山省级自然保护区重点保护野生动植物资源进行分级和简要评价。针对野生植物资源保护中存在的问题,提出保护好栖息地,开展极小种群物种拯救保护项目,深入进行宣传教育,加大旅游业反哺社区力度等保护管理对策。     

古田山国家自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物物种多样性研究

分析了古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物区系和物种多样性。结果表明：古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物种类十分丰富，计有维管束植物64科114属198种（含变种），其中蕨类植物7科8属19种，裸子植物2科2属2种，被子植物55科104属177种。种子植物区系成分复杂，具有较高的热带成分比例。不同群落类型其物种多样性不同, 4种常绿阔叶林群落类型中以栲树林物种多样性最高，甜槠—木荷林物种多样性最低。在群落垂直结构中，除钩栗林外，灌木层→乔木层→草本层物种多样性依次降低. 乔木层与灌木层的物种多样性指数差异不显著, 而乔木层、灌木层的物种多样性指数均显著大于草本层。     

One- and two-objective approaches to an area-constrained habitat reserve site selection problem

We compare several ways to model a habitat reserve site selection problem in which an upper bound on the total area of the selected sites is included. The models are cast as optimization coverage models drawn from the location science literature. Classic covering problems typically include a constraint on the number of sites that can be selected. If potential reserve sites vary in terms of area, acquisition cost or land value, then sites need to be differentiated by these characteristics in the selection process. To address this within the optimization model, the constraint on the number of selected sites can either be replaced by one limiting the total area of the selected sites or area minimization can be incorporated as a second objective. We show that for our dataset and choice of optimization solver average solution time improves considerably when an area-constrained reserve site selection problem is modeled as a two objective rather than a single objective problem with a constraint limiting the total area of the selected sites. Computational experience is reported using a large dataset from Australia.     

十万大山国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物的多样性

在对广西十万大山国家级自然保护区植物种质资源进行全面调查研究的基础上,根据中国及国际有关珍稀濒危植物评估的标准体系,分析和统计该保护区珍稀濒危植物多样性状况,结果表明:保护区珍稀濒危植物多样性丰富(44科85属145种),其中国家重点保护野生植物15种(其中Ⅰ级2种,Ⅱ级13种),占保护区植物种数的0.67%;被列入《世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)物种红色名录濒危等级和标准》的有27种,占1.21%,,被列入《中国物种红色名录》(第一册)的达110种,占4.92%;被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录的79种(其中附录Ⅰ有1种,附录Ⅱ有77种,附录Ⅲ有1种),占3.54%。