带状砂沟模式下土壤入渗过程模拟研究

[目的] 探究土壤质地类型和砂沟结构参数对土壤入渗过程的影响,为砂沟集雨工程设计、运行和管理提供科学依据。 [方法] 基于HYDRUS-2D/3D软件,建立带状砂沟模式下土壤水分运动数学模型,利用室内试验验证模拟带状砂沟模式下土壤入渗过程的可靠性。在此基础上,模拟分析不同影响因素下带状砂沟模式下土壤累积入渗量和湿润锋运移变化过程。 [结果] 模拟结果与实测数据无显著性差异且一致性良好,表明所建模型及其求解方法能够有效获取带状砂沟模式下不同时刻土壤累积入渗量和湿润锋运移距离数值;均质土壤填充带状砂沟存在明显的增渗效应。原土质地、砂沟距、砂沟宽和砂沟深均对增渗率有较大影响,增渗率随原土饱和导水率和砂沟距的增大而减小,随砂沟宽和砂沟深的增大而增大;土壤湿润锋轮廓呈下低上高的U形,随时间的延长,U形侧边湿润锋逐渐靠近砂沟交汇面,顶部平台逐渐消失;原土质地对湿润锋运移距离影响较大,湿润体随原土饱和导水率的增大而增大;砂沟深对湿润锋的形态和分布影响较大,随砂沟深度的增大,U字体型垂向拉伸,左侧湿润深度显著增大,右侧湿润深度变化微弱;砂土质地、砂沟距和砂沟宽对湿润锋运移距离影响较小。[结论] 带状砂沟土体构型能够显著提高土壤入渗能力,土壤质地类型和砂沟结构参数对土壤累积入渗量和湿润锋运移距离均有不同程度影响。     

草鱼SGLT1/2基因克隆及葡萄糖处理对其mRNA表达的影响

作为重要的转运载体,SGLTs(钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白,sodium-glucose co-transporters)在物质的吸收过程中发挥着关键的作用.SGLT1和SGLT2作为SGLTs家族的重要成员,参与调节体内的葡萄糖吸收,从而维持血糖的稳态.为研究SGLT1和SGLT2在草鱼葡萄糖吸收过程中的作用,本实验...     

基于 ArcGIS Server 9.0和 J2EE 构建多层结构的森林资源 WebGIS

阐述了基于ArcGIS Server 9.0和J2EE技术的多层结构森林资源WebGIS的开发思想和各功能层的实现技术,在开发过程中以"瘦客户"模式作为本系统的结构模式,并采用MVC设计模式对系统功能进行分割。同时,以大兴安岭塔河林业局森林资源数据为例,介绍了森林资源空间数据的发布、森林资源WebGIS系统的组成以及其界面的定制、主要功能等。结果表明:ArcGIS Server 9.0、J2EE技术与MVC设计模式的综合使用,使整个森林资源WebGIS系统的开发效率、数据安全性、跨平台可用性、系统功能可扩充性和使用灵活性等方面较传统的双层体系结构系统得到了较大的优化和提升。     

通过核基因ITS2片段研究四种鲇形目鱼类进化

采用鲇形目鱼鱼类通用引物扩增了鲇形目鱼类4种鱼,长吻(Leiocassi longirostris)、南方南方大口鲇(Si-lurus meridionalis)、黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)、斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)核DNA的ITS2片段,并构建UPMGA,NJ,ME和MP系统树。结果显示:根据遗传距离,斑点叉尾和黄颡鱼的亲缘关系最近(D=0.0661),接下来是黄颡鱼和南方大口鲇(D=0.1100),南方大口鲇和长吻(D=0.1184),斑点叉尾和南方大口鲇(D=0.1266),黄颡鱼和长吻(D=0.1490),斑点叉尾和长吻的亲缘关系是最远的(D=0.1503)。结果表明:长吻最早分化,其次是南方南方大口鲇和黄颡鱼,而斑点叉尾分化最晚。     

猪皮炎肾病综合征组织病理学和PCR诊断

应用病理学和PCR方法,对浙江某猪场送检的疑似猪皮炎肾病综合征（PDNS）病猪进行诊断。结果发现肾脏呈现纤维蛋白性肾小球肾炎变化,真皮及皮下血管表现为坏死性脉管炎,淋巴组织中大量淋巴细胞缺失、多核巨细胞浸润,PCR扩增产物显示猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）阳性。结果表明,该猪场感染了PCV-2,并表现为PDNS的病理特征。     

犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因原核表达质粒的构建

根据已发表的犬新孢子虫NcSRS2基因序列,设计1对含有EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点的引物。以提取犬新孢子虫虫体基因组DNA为模板,应用PCR扩增获得NcSRS2 ORF基因片段,将此基因片段克隆到pMD18-T Simple载体上,用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切该片段,回收得到含有两个酶切位点黏端的Nc-SRS2 ORF基因,将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的PGEM-4T-2原核表达载体中,获得重组质粒pGEX-NcSRS2,经PCR鉴定,限制性内切酶分析和克隆片段序列测定比较,证实了重组质粒的正确性。     

猪圆环病毒2型山东分离株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

根据猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)全基因组序列,设计一对特异性引物,从疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)病料中扩增出PCV-2基因组DNA,将基因片段克隆于pMD18-T载体,筛选获得含有相应片段的阳性重组质粒pMD18-T-PCV-2。对筛选出的阳性质粒进行测序。结果表明,PCV山东株的全基因组为1 767 bp,与国内外毒株核苷酸同源性高达99.6%。     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

研究温度、营养盐浓度以及光照强度对淡水浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.)及其代谢产物二-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)的影响,为控制丝状蓝藻生长及预警水体嗅味物质污染提供实践依据。浮丝藻由中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水藻种库分离于安徽巢湖;设置的实验温度为15、20、25、30℃,BG-11营养盐溶液体积分数为20%、30%、50%、100%,光照为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000 lx。结果表明,温度对浮丝藻生长密度、总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著,25℃是浮丝藻最适宜生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10⁵个/mL,30℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量均最高,分别为3.64×10³ng/L和2.78×10³ng/L;其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,低浓度营养盐时胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌;光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,...     

β-Carotene from the Alga Dunaliella bardawil Decreases Gene Expression of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Recruitment Markers and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids are involved in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. We examined the effect of dietary supplementation using all-trans and 9-cis β-carotene-rich Dunaliella bardawil alga as the sole source of vitamin A on obesity-associated comorbidities and adipose tissue dysfunction in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. Three-week-old male mice (C57BL/6) were randomly allocated into two groups and fed a high-fat, vitamin A-deficient diet supplemented with either vitamin A (HFD) or β-carotene (BC) (HFD-BC). Vitamin A levels in the liver, WATs, and BAT of the HFD-BC group were 1.5–2.4-fold higher than of the HFD group. BC concentrations were 5–6-fold greater in BAT compared to WAT in the HFD-BC group. The eWAT mRNA levels of the Mcp-1 and Cd68 were 1.6- and 2.1-fold lower, respectively, and the plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were 30% and 28% lower in the HFD-BC group compared with the HFD group. Dietary BC can be the exclusive vitamin A source in mice fed a high-fat diet, as shown by the vitamin A concentration in the plasma and tissues. Feeding BC rather than vitamin A reduces adipose tissue macrophage recruitment markers and plasma lipid concentrations.     

Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid of Bacillus Calmette Guerin Modulates Th1/Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in rats, the changes in the T helper type 1 (Th 1)/Th2 radio in mammary glands after an intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to characterize the moderating effects of the polysaecharide nucleic acid of Bacillus Calraette Guerin (BCG-PSN) on the mammary gland. In the control group, the levels of IL-2 and INF-γ, mRNA expression increased, whereas IL-4 mRNA expression decreased after LPS challenge. As a consequence, the INF-γ/IL-4 mRNA ratio was significantly higher at 3, 6, and 9 h post-infusion (PI) compared to the control value (O h; P<0.01).BCG-PSN increased mRNA expression of both INF-γ' and IL-4 before infusion of LPS. LPS challenge significantly the reduced Th1/Th2 eytokine ratio due to Th1 cytokine IFN-γ suppression and Th2 cytokine IL-4 upregulation compared with the control group. A significant reduction ofN-acety1-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) was observed at 24 h PI in the BCG-PSN treatment group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Thus, it was demonstrated that level of BCG-PSN might change the Th1/Th2 ratio mainly by enhancing the Th2 immune response. This is the first report of a Th1/Th2 change induced by coliform mastitis and characterization of the effect of BCG-PSN on mammary gland inflammation. This study makes a better understanding of the mechanisms of coliform mastitis and provides a putative novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of mastitis.