施氮水平对大豆光合作用及产量的影响

以绥农14为材料,采用砂培盆栽和测定整株光合作用的方法,研究了施氮水平对大豆光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明,大豆植株CO2吸收速率、光合速率和叶面积大小均随生育时间呈现先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化趋势,高、中氮处理(N135、N90)大豆苗期CO2吸收速率明显高于其他处理,但高氮处理(N135)大豆中后期的CO2吸收速率较低;中氮处理(N90)可以使大豆植株对CO2较高的吸收水平维持到中期;低氮处理(N45)大豆后期CO2吸收速率升高;不施氮处理(N0)大豆前期CO2吸收速率最低,后期维持一般水平。随施氮量增加,明显促进了大豆苗期光合速率的提高,不施氮处理在大豆生育中后期(56～73d)有利于光合速率的提高,施入一定氮(N45)更有利于保持大豆后期较高的光合速率。施氮能促进大豆植株前期叶片的生长,使其在整个生育期内都有较大的叶面积;大豆产量随施氮水平增加呈单峰曲线变化趋势,适度施氮有利于产量的提高。     

Test on engineering properties of unsaturated undisturbed loess Q2

A series of triaxial shear tests with controlled constant confining pressure are conducted to study the failure modes, effects of deformation, strength and yield properties of unsaturated undisturbed loess Q2, with improved SJ-1A triaxial shear equipment. The test results show that the failure mode of unsaturated undisturbed loess Q2 is shear failure with the rupture angle between 55 and 61 degree; Shear dilatancy is shown under low confining pressure, and shear shrinkage is shown under high confining pressure; The stress-strain curves of undisturbed loess Q2 will change from perfectly plastic to weak strain softening as the confining pressure increases; A effective method is suggested to identify the field stress of undisturbed loess Q2 under triaxial shear condition with the curves of - q/p ; when the confining pressure increases, the deviatoric yield stress qy has a logarithmic relationship with net mean yield stress py .     

Effect of silicon on the eutectic carbides in as-heated M2 high speed steel

The effect of silicon on the eutectic carbides in as-heated M2 high speed steels is investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis. The high speed steel ingots with different silicon additions are produced by electroslag remelting process (the mass content of silicon is 0.3%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively). The ingots are annealed at 780 ℃ for 10 h and heated at 1 165 ℃ for 2.5 h. The results show that the eutectic carbides distributed in the dendrites with continuous or semi-continuous net-shape in the as-annealed ingots. The eutectic carbides change from lamellar-like M2C to herringbone-like M6C with the increase of silicon content. After 2.5 h heating at 1 165 ℃, the lamellar-like M2C decomposes into granular M6C and MC, and the size of granules in M2 high speed steel ingot with 0.8%Si addition is smaller than that in the 0.3%Si. Whereas herringbone-like M6C is unchanged during heating treatment, and coarse primary blocky carbides which are harmful for properties still exists after the deformation.     

活性炭对提高2,4-D丁酯谷田除草安全性的影响

为了研究2,4-D丁酯作为谷子田化学除草剂的安全性,用活性炭作为保护剂处理谷子种子。采用随机区组设计的方法,通过室内测试和盆栽试验,对谷子的出苗率、株高、地上部分鲜重等形态指标和叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、SOD活性等生理指标进行了测定分析。结果表明:活性炭与硅藻土5∶5拌种(处理4)处理谷种后,可提高2,4-D丁酯对谷子的安全性。     

钛对甜瓜幼苗酸致损伤的影响

４０ｍｇ／ＬＴｉＯ２处理甜瓜幼苗３次，可减轻ｐＨ２．５酸雨对植株的伤害。作者认为，此与ＴｉＯ２能提高甜瓜幼苗光合速率、叶绿素含量，增加过氧化氢酶活性，减少丙二醛含量，降低质膜透性，维持细胞汁ｐＨ稳定性等多重生理作用相关。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒3个毒株VP2高变区的基因扩增与序列分析

以用疫苗株V-hb和V1免疫后又发病的病鸡法氏囊分离毒株HeB-bdI的基因组RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR/Nested-PCR扩增出了cDNA产物.并对其VP2高变区基因序列测定,同时测定了V-hb和V1的基因序列.序列分析表明HeB-bdI毒株与UK661同源性较高为98.4%,而与弱毒株Cu-1、非致病性株PBG98和变异株相差较大;而疫苗株V-hb和V1疫苗株与HeB-bdI毒株的同源性较低仅为93.1%.     

大气CO2浓度升高对植物细根影响的研究进展

细根是调节生态系统C平衡的主要组分之一，大气CO2浓度升高对细根影响研究已成为当前全球变化背景下关注的热门课题之一，为此从以下几个方面就大气CO2浓度升高对细根的影响研究进展进行了综述：（1）CO2浓度升高对细根生长动态的影响；（2）CO2浓度升高对细根生理特性的影响；（3）CO2浓度升高对细根组分、分泌物、菌根的影响。由于细根生长受较多因素影响，使得研究结果也表现多样性，此外目前的研究技术和方法也存在一些缺陷，因此如何在非干扰环境条件下开展CO2浓度升高对细根影响的研究，是当前研究地下生态学过程面临的难题之一。     

加快高校科技成果转化的对策探讨

目前我国高校普遍存在科技成果转化率较低问题。从常见的转化形式分析,是因为缺乏自主开发课题、高校有限资源分散、课题与市场不吻合、科技管理政策不完善、科研经费和中介机构缺乏等原因造成的。而深层次的原因是体制僵化、机制不活。因此如何从体制和机制上寻找解决问题的对策,至关重要。     

有机,无机改良剂对酸性硫酸盐土化学动力学与水稻生长的影响

研究了稻秆、碳酸钙和二氧化锰改良剂对淹水的酸性硫酸盐土的电化学、化学动力学、水稻生长及产量的影响. 施用稻秆(干土重的0.25％)显著影响土壤的还原作用.高浓度的亚铁使水稻前期生长受阻;但亚铁的浓度随后逐渐降低,水稻生长繁茂,谷粒和茎秆产量反较高,植株的含钾量也增高. 加入酸酸钙(相当于干土重的0.25％)明显提高了土壤的pH值,降低土壤的Eh和EC值,并显著降低了水溶性亚铁、亚锰和铝的浓度.碳酸钙或碳酸钙加二氧化锰的处理,都能降低土壤溶液中亚铁的浓度,显著增加稻谷和稻杆的产量,此外,这两种处理都会降低生长前期植株中锌的含量. 加入二氧化锰(干土重的0.005％),使土壤溶液中的亚锰量增多,植株的铁锰比率降低,水稻产量比对照显著增加. 研究结果表明,稻杆是一种改良酸性硫酸盐土较经济的改良剂,其价值值得进一步研究.