代谢组学方法研究进展

目前,代谢组学主要是以LC-MS、GC-MS和NMR为分析平台来进行相关的试验分析。代谢组学一般的试验流程包括前期试验方案设计、样品的前处理、仪器进样分析、数据处理与分析、阐释相关生物学意义。     

动态系统理论下基于计算机网络的英语阅读教学研究

动态系统理论为语言研究提供了一种全新的视角.在动态系统理论指导下,提出了基于计算机网络的英语阅读动态教学模式.该动态教学模式体现了语言习得中的动态平衡发展过程,系统中各要素协作、互动,最终达到语言习得的最佳状态,促进学习者阅读能力的发展.     

Development and Apllication of an Intergrated Emergency Lightening System for Water Pollutant Accident Management in the Three Gorges Basin

An integrated water pollution management system for the Three Gorges Reservior Area (TGRA) titled as WPMIS_ER_TGRA was developed as an information based techenical tool for emergency response on water pollutant accident.ArcGIS Engine, a Geographic Information System (GIS) Module Warehouse, was used as programme developing platform, and Visual Basic (VB) as programming language.The mathematical models for hydraulic and water quality simulation were developed and integrated in the system and programmed as a DLL file via VB.WPMIS_ER_TGRA owns a new function of emergency lightening at watershed scale as well as the normal water environmental information management functions.The system was applied for emergency water pollution management by a dummy ship capsizal in Yangtze River.It was found that WPMIS_ER_TGRA could model the transfer and diffusion of the accident pollutants in rivers, quickly forecast the pollution situation and identify the influencing area and their changing with time in a few minutes just after the accident happened.     

Development of expert system modeling based decision support system for swine manure management

Animal waste has always been considered as a resource for agricultural input as biofertilizer. However, the management is becoming more stringent due to environmental regulations. Livestock producers are faced with different manure management options that may be implemented into their operations. Given the expansion of the livestock industry, the implementation of environmental regulations, and the increasing importance of social and health issues, the selection of optimal manure management systems is becoming a strategically important task. Increasingly, integrated decision support systems (DSSs) are becoming necessary to assist decision makers in their evaluation of different manure management alternatives, like, liquid system, semi-solid system, solid system and bio-gas or bio-energy system based on combinations of different manure management sub-systems (collection, storage and application). To address this situation, a user-friendly computer program called Integrated Swine Manure Management (ISMM) is being developed for the Canadian Prairie provinces. Decision criteria including environmental, agronomic, social and health, greenhouse gas emission, and economic factors have been considered for the selection, design, and operation of the DSS. The expert system modeling is based on Visual Basic programming. Decision on adopting a particular combination of systems components is based on performance rating of the overall system. The program is interactive so that weighting factors for the different decision criteria can be varied to suit site-specific considerations. In this paper, the systems approach for development of an integrated liquid manure management system is discussed. Using a case study, sensitivity analysis of different combinations of management components is also reported for systems performance. The decision software compared satisfactorily with other available DSS packages.     

全球重要农业文化遗产地的农业生物多样性 特征及其保护与利用

2002年联合国粮食及农业组织提出了"全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)"的概念和动态保护理念,旨在建立全球重要农业文化遗产及其有关的景观、生物多样性、知识和文化保护体系,并在世界范围内得到认可与保护,使之成为可持续管理的基础。自此以后,特别是在全球环境基金的支持下,GIAHS的概念和保护理念已经得到越来越多的国家和国际组织的认可,并在项目实施过程中,通过项目试点地的积极探索,不仅使遗产地农业生物多样性和文化多样性得到有效保护,而且促进了遗产地经济社会的可持续发展。本文根据中国已被列入GIAHS的11个项目点及其保护工作,从遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观多样性以及文化多样性5个方面分析了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性的特征,阐述了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性利用的生态学思想以及原则,最后从建立监测和评估体系、强化农业生物多样性保护与可持续管理的研究、建立农业生物多样性保护的激励机制、建立农业文化遗产地自我维持和持续发展机制等4个方面,提出了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性保护与利用的若干建议。     

基于生态价值优先的土地适宜性评价——以银川市七子连湖湿地公园为例

土地适宜性评价是土地合理利用的重要依据,可以为土地利用规划提供科学合理的决策辅助。该研究以土地利用规划为背景,以银川市七子连湖湿地区域为研究对象,基于土地利用现状和生态价值量现状等资料,建立了生态价值优先的土地适宜性评价体系,并综合地理信息系统、遥感等学科技术对研究区域内各评价单元分别进行了单因子和多因子综合的评价应用,得到了七子连湖湿地区域的土地适宜开发程度分级量化成果,分为禁止开发区、限制开发区、适度开发区、优先开发区,为后续城市规划中的土地利用和空间配置提供依据。     

Choices of Varieties and Demand for Improved Rice Seed in Fogera District of Ethiopia

In this study, 151 households were randomly drawn from three randomly selected Kebele in probability proportional to size method. The demographic and socio-economic factors that determine the participation in improved varieties were household labor availability, education level of the household head, land holdings, distance to the nearest village market, proximity to the main market, and distance to access agricultural extension and access to the source of rice seeds. However, determinants of choice decision varied from cultivar to cultivar. The evidence of the study from the interdependence among the decision of adoption of improved rice varieties suggested that technology adoption will be accelerated by launching a progressively developing package and scheme of rice technology generation, and points to the importance of mobilising additional resources to augment households’ efforts at popularization and promotion of improved rice cultivars. The findings from Linearized Almost Ideal Demand Systems (LA/AIDS) model showed that compelling evidence for small proportion changes in own prices and cross price of improved rice varieties led to greater than unitary proportionate changes in their purchases. The results generally showed that farmers were very sensitive to changes in improved rice seed prices and incomes. The major implication of the findings was that any intervention to improve farmers’ seed purchases should take into account efforts to increase farmers’ purchasing power of agricultural inputs like improved seeds and fertilizers.     

侗族稻田养鱼的历史、现状、机遇与对策——以贵州省从江县为例

侗族地区的稻田养鱼具有悠久的历史,传统稻田养鱼农耕方式为侗族地区的社会经济发展做出了重要贡献。但随着经济的发展和现代农业技术的推广,该地区稻田养鱼面临着许多威胁,如：杂交稻的推广、化肥农药的过量使用、技术需求提高和比较效益相对低下等。本文在分析该地稻田养鱼的历史、现状及面临的威胁和机遇的基础上,从政府重视、制定相关政策,创造条件尽快列入全球重要农业文化遗产试点,编制保护与发展规划,探索替代性产业发展途径,开展相关科学研究等方面,提出了进一步保护和发展稻田养鱼的对策。     

水资源公共政策：概念与体系

水资源公共政策是水资源研究的新领域。在对水资源公共政策含义界定的基础上,阐述了我国水资源公共政策的内容与形式、结构与功能、构成要素与运行系统。     

中国农业博物馆管理体制与运行机制研究

本文通过时国内外博物馆管理体制和运行机制的宏观考察,分析中国农业博物馆管理体制和运行机制现状及未来发展趋势,希望找到符合中国农业博物馆运作规律的管理体制和运行机制,促进博物馆事业的发展。