紫花苜蓿生产力动态研究

2002--2005年进行紫花苜蓿生产力动态研究,发现紫花苜蓿种植不宜沿用传统轮作周期。结果表明,农田灌溉条件下草产量高峰出现在播种后的第2年,株丛密度和1级分枝数大幅下降是草产量下降的主要原因;以初花期作为刈割期,历年各茬平均草产量及其日均增长量均以第2茬最高;随生长年限的增加,紫花苜蓿返青期后延,根颈、根重和根体积增幅逐年减小。试验结果证明,农田灌溉条件下,特别是在较大的刈割强度下,粮草轮作中紫花苜蓿的种植年限不宜太长,应以3—5年为宜。     

樱桃番茄在滴灌栽培时氮肥的合理施用量研究

试验结果表明,樱桃番茄在滴灌栽培时,比常规畦灌栽培条件下生长发育得更好,能提高肥料利用率。在产量相同时,滴灌栽培能节省N肥18.75%;产量随着N肥的增加而增加,达到一定用量后由于植株营养生长过剩,产量反而下降。滴灌栽培合理施用N肥时,可以提高果实的品质。     

植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4对黄瓜生长及土壤微生态的影响

为探讨植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4在黄瓜上的应用效果,将A21-4菌悬液灌注到黄瓜根际土壤,调查其对黄瓜生长发育和根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明,根部灌注A21-4能显著促进苗期和田间生育期黄瓜生长发育,并显著提高根系活力、产量和品质,黄瓜产量比对照增加32.22%,且黄瓜果实中蛋白质、可溶性糖和VC含量均比对照显著增加;同时,A21-4对黄瓜根际土壤具有明显的调节作用,显著提高了黄瓜根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,还提高了黄瓜根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量及黄瓜根际土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量。     

半干旱区注水补灌对西葫芦产量及经济效益的影响

为最大限度地提高水分利用率,对半干旱区全膜双垄沟播种植西葫芦进行不同生长时期的注水补灌试验。结果表明:进行注水补灌后,西葫芦667 m~2增产14.07%~26.24%、增收536.55~984.17元,产量随着注水补灌次数增加而增加,以初瓜期+盛瓜期+中后期注水处理的产量最高(4 784.77 kg),净收益以初瓜期+盛瓜期注水处理的最好(5 532.58元)。     

Influence of surface charge on viscosity behavior of cellulose microcrystal suspension

Microcrystalline cellulose with minimal surface charge was prepared from softwood kraft pulp via hydrolysis by 4N hydrochloric acid instead of sulfuric acid. To this material, sulfate ester groups as surface charge were introduced by treating with 55% (w/w) sulfuric acid. A treatment at 60°C for 2h gave nearly the same level of surface charge as that of the H₂SO₄ -hydrolyzed microcrystal. The number of sulfate groups were controlled by changing the H₂SO₄ treatment conditions. Although the microscopic size and shape of the microcrystalline particles were the same irrespective of the preparation method, the introduction of surface charge drastically reduced the viscosity and removed its time dependence. These changes in viscosity behavior are considered to result from charge-induced dispersion of loose aggregates existing in the initial charge-free microcrystals prepared by HCl hydrolysis.Part of this report was presented at the 48th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Shizuoka, April 1998     

控制交替沟灌中灌水控制下限对玉米叶片水分利用效率的影响

控制交替沟灌是通过调节作物生理过程实现节水的一项新技术。试验结果表明,在控制交替沟灌条件下,叶片蒸腾速率随着土壤含水量的降低而下降,而叶片光合速率则在土壤含水量降到某一数值以前没有显著的变化,从而造成叶片水分利用效率在较轻的水分胁迫下会有一定程度的提高。从叶片水分利用效率的角度分析,控制交替沟灌的灌     

冬小麦限水灌溉条件下磷肥补偿效应的研究

为探索磷肥对土壤水分亏缺的补偿效应,研究了灌水和施磷对冬小麦耗水和产量等的影响。结果表明,冬小麦总耗水量与灌水量成正相关关系,而土壤贮水肖耗量与灌水量成负相关关系;施磷能提高作物耗水量,促进深层土壤水分的消耗。灌水和施磷均能显著提高冬小麦产量;两者相比,灌水增加了单位面积穗数和提高了千粒重,而施磷仅增加了穗数。灌水对经济系数无明显影响,但明显降低水分利用效率;施磷对经济系数和水分利用效率均无明显影     

茶皂素在加气混凝土中的应用机理

茶皂素在混凝土工业中的应用研究,已经在加气混凝土浇铸中获得了成功。本文从热力学和茶皂素的结构、表面活性及分散性四个方面,对茶皂素应用于加气混凝土的作用机理,作了理论上的阐述。茶皂素的表面活性结构,是浇铸过程稳泡作用的重要原因,通过表面活性吸附,明显地改善了加气混凝土的气孔结构和发气过程中的料浆流变性能,显著地提高了制品的抗压强度;对发气剂金属起到分散悬浮作用,以改善浇铸体系的发气性能和提高发气效率。实际使用结果表明,提高混凝土浇铸过程的稳定性,成品率提高四个百分点;抗压强度提高10%—20%;减少了制品的     

茶皂素的表面活性及其相关的功能性质

本文根据近10年来的研究结果,对茶皂素的表面活性及临界胶束浓度(CMC)进行了比较分析,确定茶皂素的 CMC 为0.5%左右,并且在水质硬度0—28.7°d 的范围内几乎不受影响。同时,对茶皂素的去污力、起泡力、湿润性、分散性以及乳化作用等功能性质,进行了全面的研究分析,首次提出了茶皂素对疏水性材料接触角θ在0°<θ     

Level basin design based on cutoff criteria

This paper describes a new procedure for the design of level-basin irrigation systems which is based on the irrigator's cutoff criteria. Design with this procedure, hopefully, will be more transferable to users and will allow basin designs to be adopted to local practices. Comparisons are made to existing design procedures, and it is shown that many of them can be expressed in terms of this new procedure, available in the form of a computer program. A sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the desirability of these new guidelines on design. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the cutoff distance can be adjusted to account for changes in vegetative roughness.