哈密瓜内生细菌菌群密度及分布动态

分离哈密瓜植株组织中的内生细菌,对不同品种、不同栽培环境、不同组织器官、不同生育期的哈密瓜内生细菌的菌群组成、菌群密度的动态分布特点进行研究.结果表明:哈密瓜不同品种、不同种植地区、不同组织器官、不同生育期内生细菌的菌群密度有较大差异.抗病品种中的内生细菌显著高于感病品种.哈密瓜各组织中,种子的内生细菌最多,其次为根,再次为茎、叶片、叶柄,果实中最少.在不同生长阶段,随着哈密瓜生育期的延长,内生细菌数量变化呈"高-低-高"的变化特点,即从苗期到花期,植株内生细菌总量下降,至成熟期数量显著增加的特点.对所分离的内生细菌进行菌群分析表明,哈密瓜内生细菌包括芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、欧文氏菌属、葡萄球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、黄色单胞菌属和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等,其中芽孢杆菌属出现的频率最高,在所分离的哈密瓜品种中都是优势菌群,约占总分离菌株的54.58%;但菌群多样性在不同哈密瓜品种和种植地区间差异不显著;种子中类群最少,随着植株生长,类群增加.     

松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度对松毛虫控制效果

使用松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度分别于7月30日和8月10日两次放蜂防治松毛虫,第二次放蜂后10d分别调查卵寄生率和虫口密度。结果表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂块剂50、60、70块/667m2三种放蜂密度防治松毛虫均有良好的防治效果,卵寄生率分别为78.8%、75.3%、90.1%,虫口防效达89.1%、84.6%9、1.6%。从经济成本预算,每亩放蜂50块,就可以达到较好的控制效果。     

不同播种密度对地膜小麦重要农艺性状的影响

在天水地区大田设置6个播量水平，观测不同密度条件下地膜小麦群体重要农艺性状的变化规律，并与露地小麦相对照。结果表明：单株分蘖数、最高总茎数、基部节间长度是有规律的增加；地膜小麦的单株分蘖数、最高总茎数的变幅较小，而露地小麦的变幅较大；基部节间长度随密度的增加而增加，地膜小麦的增长较快；单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单位面积上的产量均随密度的变化而变化，但地膜小麦的变幅较小，而露地小麦的交幅较大；叶面积指数、叶片功能期，地膜小麦和露地在密度交化过程中表现出相同的趋势；籽粒饱满指数随密度增加而降低，二者有相同的趋势。而粒叶比则露地小麦的变幅较大；倒伏程度以露地小麦的变幅较大。     

卷叶螟绒茧蜂寄生棉大卷叶螟的行为及其与寄主密度的关系

卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles derogatae Watanabe是棉大卷叶螟Sylepta derogata Fabricius幼虫期的一种重要内寄生蜂,对棉大卷叶螟种群有较好的控制作用。在实验室条件下,运用人工接虫观察法研究卷叶螟绒茧蜂对棉大卷叶螟幼虫的寄生行为。结果表明,该蜂搜寻寄主的时间平均为2．38 min,处理寄主的时间仅需0．86 min;寄生寄主的最适龄期为寄主2龄幼虫;对1龄幼虫的致死率达32%,但其寄生率仅为16%,其余16%的个体为穿刺致死。饲喂蜂蜜水能显著增加该蜂的产卵量,延长其产卵历期和增强其穿刺能力。寄生蜂的寄生能力与寄主密度的关系呈抛物线型:在寄生蜂均为16头/m~3雌蜂条件下,当寄主密度从80头/m~3增加到320头/m~3时,寄主的被寄生个体数随之增加,但当寄主密度超过320头/m~3后,寄主的被寄生个体数反而随寄主密度的上升呈下降趋势。     

人工清除流脂防治萧氏松茎象试验研究

研究了人工清除萧氏松茎象寄主流脂对其种群密度的影响,结果表明:该方法对萧氏松茎象的种群密度有明显的影响,试验区的有虫株率平均下降了37.2%,平均相对防治效果达49.1%。防治后试验区和对照区有虫株率差异极显著。     

闽南毛竹林合理经营密度的研究

在闽南毛竹分布区的毛竹林分中建立标准地２４７块，利用柯尔莫哥洛夫的正态分布检验法。结合半峰宽理论，分析计算了闽南毛竹林的合理经营密度为１２００株￣１６５０朱／ｈｍ＾２，为闽南毛竹林持续经营提供了理论依据。     

密度对寿竹竹基纤维复合材料性能的影响

为开发竹材人造板新产品,利用4～5年生寿竹为原料,采用热压生产工艺制备竹基纤维复合材料,并分析复合材料密度对其物理和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着密度增加,复合材料厚度方向上的吸水膨胀率增加,宽度方向的吸水膨胀率下降,力学性能逐渐增加。     

Obstacles to migration constrain nest distribution of Atlantic salmon

Abstract – Programmes of habitat restoration usually assume that the targeted populations will readily colonise the newly provided habitat. However, this assumption may not always hold, and the success of restoration may be impaired if the individuals are driven to aggregate in areas of the habitat already available instead of spreading to new ones. We investigated how weirs situated along a river could drive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to aggregate their redds and tested whether aggregation intensified at low fish density. For this, we applied spatial point pattern analysis to a data set consisting on the distribution of salmon redds in a small river over 15 years (1992–2006). Within the habitat suitable for spawning, redds were significantly aggregated, especially in the first 15 morphodynamic units below weirs. Our results suggest that the constraint imposed by obstacles on redd distribution should be considered when conducting habitat restoration.     

Decreasing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) sizes off Newfoundland and Labrador – environment or fishing?

During the 1990s, carapace length statistics including minimum size caught (L_min), mean male and female lengths, size at sex transition (L₅₀) and maximum size (L_max) of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) decreased in commercial and survey catches off Newfoundland and Labrador. Decreased growth rates caused by decreases in per‐capita food availability due to large population increases, exacerbated by increased metabolic demands from higher water temperatures in the mid‐1990s, appear to be the main cause of the size decrease. Fishing could have had an accelerating effect on environmentally driven decreases in shrimp growth and size by ‘cropping’ the largest shrimp from the population. The greatest decreases in shrimp size occurred in Hudson Strait and the adjacent northern shelf, the area which also has the highest densities and largest shrimp. We hypothesize that the greater size decrease here resulted from decreased primary production from decreased nutrient flux into the euphotic zone, caused by increased atmospheric warming, freshwater runoff and stratification during the warming trend of the 1990s.     

玉米田杂草马唐的生长特性研究

在田间和室内条件下研究了马唐的生长特性。结果表明 ,马唐种子具有短期休眠 ,其出苗的适宜土壤深度为 0 .5～ 4 .0cm ;随着密度的增加和出苗时间的推迟 ,马唐的单株生长量逐渐下降。