氮肥和Trinexapac-ethyl配合施用对草地早熟禾草坪生长的影响

【目的】探明氮肥和Trinexapac-ethyl（TE）配合施用对草地早熟禾草坪生长的影响。【方法】在草地早熟禾返青后,采用完全随机区组设计,氮肥设0（N1）、20（N2）、25（N3）和30（N4）kg•ha-1 4个水平,每月施1次;TE设0（T1）、312.5（T2）和625（T3）ml•ha-1 3个水平,每10 d 喷施1次,测定氮肥和TE配合施用对草坪株高、产草量及叶绿素含量的影响。【结果】施氮能显著促进草坪生长,而喷施TE能够显著抑制草坪 的生长。在不同的氮肥水平上,T2处理能够降低草坪新增株高、剪草量达30%左右,T3处理能够降低草坪新增株高、剪草量达45%左右。在保证正常需要的同时,N2T3、N3T3、N4T3处理的草坪生长较慢。氮与TE的交互作用对草坪颜色有极显著影响;相同氮水平处理中,T3处理草坪草叶绿素含量显著高于T1处理;N4T3处理草坪颜色最深。【结论】以草坪生长与叶绿素含量为评判的依据,最好的组合为N2T3、N4T3,它们均能使草坪生长减慢而且颜色加深。     

施肥和密度对一季稻群体质量及产量的影响

研究了施氮量、施钾量及栽插密度对一季稻两优培九的群体动态及产量的影响。结果表明：在栽插密度为每公顷25万穴的条件下，氮肥的适宜用量为225kg／hm2左右，钾肥的用量应在285kg／hm2左右；为了保证足够的穗数，施氮量在每公顷225kg的条件下，总株数应在33万穴左右。同时就超高产水稻的源库关系及叶面积指数、干物质积累等因素对产量的影响作了初步的探讨。     

配方施肥对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响

以3年生泡桐林为研究对象,探讨不同施肥配方对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响。结果表明：配方Ⅲ（每株试验木施肥量：0．3kg尿素＋0．18kg纯N＋0．5kg钙镁磷＋0．07kg纯P＋0．25kg氯化钾＋0．19kg纯K）为最佳施肥配方。经过配方Ⅲ处理过的泡桐林地,土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著提高;根际土壤微生物数量明显增多;泡桐林的生长量也得到较大的增长。     

萝卜施用腐殖酸盐和化肥的效果

通过大田试验 ,研究了腐殖酸盐和化肥在萝卜上的施用效果。结果表明 ,萝卜总产量随着化肥施用水平的增加而提高 ,增施一定量腐殖酸盐 ,萝卜产量有所提高 ,但差异不显著 ;高量腐殖酸盐的施用导致减产。单个萝卜重量随着化肥用量的增加和施用腐殖酸盐而增加。施用一定量的腐殖酸盐 (6 0 0kg·hm-2 )对减少未成形的萝卜个数具有显著的作用 ,而化肥的施用效果正好相反。     

2FB—1型施肥播种多用途机具的设计与研究

为了解决小地块种植区深施化肥、播种等作业过程中存在的劳动强度大、生产效率低等问题，设计并研制了一种小型多用途农业机具，并对机具的结构、工作原理及有关的参数进行了分析论述。     

Relationship between Protein Accumulation Regulation and Yield Formation in Soybean

Three different genotypes soybeans were adopted in this experiment under three fertilizer levels. The object of this study was to investigate protein accumulation regulation of soybean cultivars under the condition of different nutrient levels, and their effects on soybean yield and quality, and to provide theoretical evidence for breed, cultivation and agricultural production, also man-powered controllable locations. The concentration of N in the leaves declined after seedling stage, then increased again at stage of early flowering, and started to decrease up to leaf senescence, declined rapidly from seed-filling season to stage of yellow ripeness. The concentration of N in the stems and pod walls declined with growth stage. High seed protein genotypes exhibited higher N assimilating and partitioning during whole growth stages. Pod walls were media of N partitioning. Protein was accumulated mainly during the later period of reproductive growth stage up to harvest, so plant growth after stage of yellow ripeness could not be neglected.     

施肥水平对水稻产量及品质的影响

针对广大农村施肥质量差、效率低的问题进行试验设计,探讨了施肥水平对水稻产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:过量的施肥水平并不会获得水稻更高产量,相反会导致品质水平下降及肥料利用率降低;适当的施用有机肥会改善稻米品质,同时起到养田、保田的作用。     

新型稀有元素微肥研制配方的肥效试验

对洛阳市农科所新技术开发公司研制的4个不同配方的新型稀有元素微肥在莲豆上进行了肥效试验，结果表明：Ⅱ^#配方的微肥产品，对莲豆的营养生长和生殖生长均有十分显著的促进作用，不但可以促进莲豆的生长发育，而且可以大幅度地提高莲豆的英果产量，是施用于英果类蔬菜作物营养平衡、肥效较好的最佳配方；Ⅱ^#微肥还可能更广泛地适用于以营养体为收获对象的茎叶类蔬菜作物，在高效多功能生态农业微肥新产品的研制开发方面具有较高的利用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

The Variation ofβ-glucan and Protein Content in Barley as Affected by Agronomic Practices

The influences of N applicationrate, timing, sowing date and seeding rate on β-glucan and protein content in barley grains were studied through the field experiments in Hangzhou, China during 1997 -2001. Protein content increased with N application rate and with N proportion applied at late stage. β-glucan content also responded significantly to N application rate and timing, but with different pattern with protein content. Of three N rate treatments, the medium N rate (135 kg ha-1) had the highest β-glucan content, being significantly higher than low N rate (90 kg ha-1) and no difference with high N rate (180 kg ha-1). Among three N timing treatments, two times of N top-dressing at both tillering and booting stage had significantly higher β- glucan content than once N top-dressing at tillering or booting stage. Sowing date has the dramatic effect on both β-glucan and protein content. Protein content decreased with the delayed sowing, and kernel weight showed opposite tendency. Either earlier or later sowing caused increased β- glucan content relative to sowing in early November, which is the normal date for barley sowing locally. Seeding rate had no significant influence on both β- glucan and protein content.     

有机营养肥料的研究进展、问题及对策

随着现代化农业的快速发展、粮食产量的不断提高,单纯依靠增施化肥来提高作物产量已带来很多问题。近年来,随着研究的不断深入,新型的有机态肥料被越来越广泛地应用于农业中,如氨基酸、腐植酸、核酸肥料。与传统的无机态化肥相比,它们可明显提高作物产量,改善作物品质,并且具有对环境无污染、无毒害等特点。该文总结了有机养分肥料特别是氨基酸、腐植酸、核酸肥料的作用、优缺点及应用中存在的问题和应对策略。