Phylogenetic study and molecular identification of 31 Dendrobium species using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

The genetic diversity of the genus Dendrobium is not well known and the phylogenetic relationship of Dendrobium species are mainly determined by studies of the comparative vegetative anatomy and plant systematics. In the present study, we used the technique of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) to evaluate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among 31 Dendrobium species from Yunnan region of China. In total, 2368 bands were amplified by 17 ISSR primers, resulting from 278 ISSR loci with 100% polymorphism at genus level. Thirty-one species were unequivocally distinguished based on ISSR fingerprinting. Species-specific ISSR markers were identified in nine of 31 tested Dendrobium species. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) showed that 31 Dendrobium species were grouped into six clusters, indicating the genus was polyphyletic with several well-supported lineages. The high polymorphism and reliable amplification across species demonstrated the utility of ISSR marker for species diagnosis and genetic diversity study of the genus Dendrobium.     

杉木新造幼林施肥方案优选的初步研究

杉木新造幼林不同施肥方案的试验结果表明,施肥对杉木新造幼树生长具有明显的促进作用。经多目标决策分析确定,造林前施基肥钙镁磷600 kg.hm-2、造林当年追肥施复合肥180 kg.hm-2为最佳施肥方案,其次为施基肥钙镁磷600 kg.hm-2、追肥施尿素180 kg.hm-2。生产上可根据实际情况选择应用。     

The concept of habitat specificity revisited

Habitat specificity indices reflect richness (α) and/or distinctiveness (β) components of diversity. The latter may be defined by α and γ (landscape) diversity in two alternative ways: multiplicatively () and additively (). We demonstrate that the original habitat specificity concept of Wagner and Edwards (Landscape Ecol 16:121–131, 2001) consists of three independent components: core habitat specificity (uniqueness of the species composition), patch area and patch species richness. We describe habitat specificity as a family of indices that may include either area or richness components, or none or both, and open for use of different types of mean in calculation of core habitat specificity. Core habitat specificity is a beta diversity measure: the effective number of completely distinct communities in the landscape. Habitat specificity weighted by species number is a gamma diversity measure: the effective number of species that a patch contributes to landscape richness. We compared 12 habitat specificity indices by theoretical reasoning and by use of field data (vascular plant species in SE Norwegian agricultural landscapes). Habitat specificity indices are strongly influenced by weights for patch area and patch species richness, and the relative contribution of rare vs. common species (type of mean). The relevance of properties emphasized by each habitat specificity index for evaluation of patches in a biodiversity context is discussed. Core habitat specificity is emphasized as an ecologically interpretable measure that specifically addresses patch uniqueness while habitat specificity weighted by species number combines species richness and species composition in ways relevant for conservation biological assessment. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

农产品分级决策方法的研究现状与发展趋势

综述了国内外水果、蔬菜及其它农产品分级决策方法的研究与应用现状,归纳了现有研究尚存的主要问题,如研究对象比较单一、信息采集不全面、没有统一的分级标准等.提出广泛扩展研究对象种类、搞好农产品分级与标准化工作,把研究适合我国国情的农产品分级决策方法等作为今后的发展趋势.     

瓯海区森林火灾发生规律及其对策

根据瓯海区1990～1996年森林火灾发生的实际情况，探索其发生的规律，提出相应的对策。瓯海区森林火灾全年均有发生，主要集中在春季、最多发生在4月；从一天来看，最多发生在12～14时；引起火灾最多的人为因子是上坟烧银纸；肇事人年龄段，最多是51～60岁。因此，要搞好森林防火工作，应分别对象做好宣传工作，严禁带火源上山。     

对北京市公益林市场化经营的思考

北京市的公益林作为传统意义上的公共物品，一直以来由全市各级政府投资建设，成本高，效率低，代价大。因此，提高公益林的经营效率和质量，对于北京市公益林的持续、健康发展至关重要。笔者就如何在北京市公益林的经营中引入市场机制进行思考，并力求构建一个较为合理的公益林市场化经营模式。     

黑龙江省灌木林资源发展存在的问题及对策

根据黑龙江省森林资源现状和灌木林的分布特点，提出了我省灌木林经营存在的问题和今后发展对策。     

午潮山常绿阔叶林气候生态效应定位研究

午潮山常绿阔叶林气候生态效应，经过８年（１９８８￣１９９５）定位观测研究，取得了若干规律性数据，加深了对常绿阔叶林生态系统气候生态学特征的认识，为持续经营、保护、利用和发展常绿阔叶林，提供了一定的科学依据。文中较系统地论述了午潮山常绿阔叶林的日照、温度、湿度，林内降水量再分配，酸雨等问题。     

黄佤森林崇拜的生态人类学解读

用生态人类学的观点解读黄佤的森林崇拜，可以看到黄佤森林崇拜反映了人与自然和谐发展的生态文化观，对当地生态环境的保护以及提高社区成员的生态保护意识起了重要作用。对黄佤森林崇拜所蕴含的生态保护思想进行挖掘和整理，能为解决当今的生态问题提供一些启示。