The optimal nutrition of maize in the hungarian national long‐term field experimental network

In Hungary, maize is grown on 1 million ha and occupies more than 20% of the arable land. The rich assortment of maize cultivars of different vegetation periods and different responses to nutritional effects, water supply etc. gives the growers the possibility to choose the cultivars suiting best the site characteristics (Jolânkai et al. 1999). Among the cereals maize has the highest genetical potential. To utilize its yield and quality potential, soil types of high nutrient content and regular nutrient supply are required (Gyõrffy, 1979). Both over‐ and under‐fertilization have an unfavourable effect on the yield and quality of maize (Debreczeni, 1985). Crops can be supplied with the appropriate nutrient amounts only with the knowledge of soil characteristics in the different agro‐ecological regions (nutrient content, water supply, soil compactness, pH, nutrient supplying capacity etc.). In Hungary, a network of long‐term field fertilization trials with uniform fertilizer treatments has been maintained at nine experimental sites representing different agro‐ecological regions of the country. This experimental network gives a basis to test the nutrient responses of our main crops and calibrate their optimal nutrient supply (Kismányoky, 1991).     

基于粒子群算法的再入式飞行器再入走廊计算方法研究

为提高我国食品质量安全水平，对小型、分散的单个供应商和一个制造商构成的食品供应链中，制造商对原材料和最终食品进行质量检测的情况，建立了以供应商和制造商各自的质量水平为决策变量的优化模型，分析了最优质量水平的影响因素和影响效应.并依据结论提出相应建议，如提高消费者对优劣食品的识别能力，发挥制造商在供应链中的监督检验作用等.     

Landscape Zonation, benefit functions and target-based planning: Unifying reserve selection strategies

The most widespread reserve selection strategy is target-based planning, as specified under the framework of systematic conservation planning. Targets are given for the representation levels of biodiversity features, and site selection algorithms are employed to either meet the targets with least cost (the minimum set formulation) or to maximize the number of targets met with a given resource (maximum coverage). Benefit functions are another recent approach to reserve selection. In the benefit function framework the objective is to maximize the value of the reserve network, however value is defined. In one benefit function formulation value is a sum over species-specific values, and species-specific value is an increasing function of representation. This benefit function approach is computationally convenient, but because it allows free tradeoffs between species, it essentially makes the assumption that species are acting as surrogates, or samples from a larger regional species pool. The Zonation algorithm is a recent computational method that produces a hierarchy of conservation priority through the landscape. This hierarchy is produced via iterative removal of selection units (cells) using the criterion of least marginal loss of conservation value to decide which cell to remove next. The first variant of Zonation, here called core-area Zonation, has a characteristic of emphasizing core-areas of all species. Here I separate the Zonation meta-algorithm from the cell removal rule, the definition of marginal loss of conservation value utilized inside the algorithm. I show how additive benefit functions and target-based planning can be implemented into the Zonation framework via the use of particular kinds of cell removal rules. The core-area, additive benefit function and targeting benefit function variants of Zonation have interesting conceptual differences in how they treat and trade off between species in the planning process.     

国内外致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7的检测标准比较及建议

致泻大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7（STEC O157:H7）是大肠埃希氏菌中致病性最严重的一种食源性致病菌,主要存在于牛肉、牛奶、水果及其制品中,对身体健康造成很大危害,甚至引发死亡。食品中STEC O157:H7检测尤为重要。本文对国内外STEC O157:H7的检测标准进行比较,提出我国标准在样品前处理、快速筛选方法的应用等方面需要加强,以便为该菌快速准确检测提供帮助,实现与国际标准化体系建设接轨,满足实验室检测需要。     

电子鼻技术在食品检测中的应用

随着嗅觉传感器技术的不断发展,电子鼻技术得到了广泛的研究与应用。电子鼻由气敏传感器阵列、信号处理子系统和模式识别子系统等3种功能器件组成。为此,阐述了电子鼻技术的结构组成,介绍了其在食品新鲜度检测、果蔬成熟度评价及饮料与酒类识别等轻工业中的应用现状与发展趋势,并指出了这些新技术实现过程中所需要解决的问题。     

利用简易工况法对在用汽车排放检测之探讨

在用车尾气排放的治理和监管是中国城市大气环境改善的重点工作之一。利用典型在用车，对国家标准GB18285—2005规定的双怠速法、ASM法、VMAS法和IM195等在用车尾气排放检测方法进行了试验研究，探讨了ASM和VMAS两种检测方法的适用性。     

隔膜泵故障检修及分析

德国ABEL公司的HMD-G-32-0250型隔膜泵是板框污泥脱水系统中的关键设备之一。针对A-BEL隔膜泵运行中频繁振动损坏的问题。运用现代控制技术分析了其主要原因是因泵转速过快造成、而转速过快又是由于PLC控制程序存在缺陷所造成的。PIE控制程序使隔膜泵压力在1．0-L3MPa时．变频器输出频率维持在40Hz的振动区域。通过修改控制程序模块，使压力在0．75-1．4MPa的区间内，变频器输出频率从80Hz线性下降到8Hz直至停止。修改后消除了泵及管道的震动，泵运行正常。     

水泵泵盖断裂原因初探

介绍了佛山市供水泵站水泵泵盖突然断裂的经过。通过对泵盖材质化学成分的检验以及金相组织的检查，初步分析结果：泵盖断裂与材料的机械性能、材料疲劳程度、加工精度等有关。提出了瞬时过负荷可能是泵盖断裂的另一原因，但因证据不充分而无法判定。导致泵盖断裂的原因有待进一步研究。     

加强农作物种子质量监督抽查 保证用种安全和规范经营行为

近年来,由于种子市场竞争激烈,种子质量纠纷案件有所上升,以次充好、假冒伪劣种子案件时有发生,扰乱了种子市场秩序,危害了农业生产安全,增加了社会的不稳定因素。因此,加强农作物种子的监督抽查,防止不合格种子流入市场,确保农业生产安全和社会稳定具有重要意义。     

交通事故现场三维数字化信息的获取及再现

道路交通事故已成为全球共同面临的最为严重的社会公害之一,我国正处于道路交通事故高发期。交通事故现场的勘测对交通事故处理质量和深入分析事故产生的原因有着重要的影响。我们分析了现有的事故现场勘测方法的特点,介绍了利用激光扫描对交通事故现场进行三维数字化信息获取的新技术,论述了激光扫描原理、交通事故现场三维数字化信息获取和处理的过程及数据处理的常用方法,以及该技术的应用与发展趋势。