深沪湾海水、沉积物及贝类体内重金属的含量与评价

利用1998年5月和9月深沪湾海域环境调查资料，着重分析了深炉湾海水、表层沉积物及褶牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔体内重金属的含量及分布，结果表明：深沪湾海水中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Hg等含量均低于渔业水质标准，而表层沉积物的Pb、Zn含量大部分已超标，近岸水域海水和表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn的含量明显高于湾中心水域，湾顶水域高于湾口水域。Hg的含量是湾南部水域高于北部水域。文中还根据全国海岸带污染综合调查专业组制定的海洋生物污染评价标准，对2种贝类的重金属污染程度进行评价，结果深沪湾的养殖贝类体内的重金属含量均未超标。     

乐清湾口海域春秋季鱼类群落多样性研究

为研究乐清湾口海域鱼类群落结构动态变化趋势和渔业资源现状,对该海域鱼类物种组成、种类数、多样性等群落结构特征进行调查分析。共鉴定出鱼类49种,隶属于10目26科39属。结果显示,春季物种数较秋季少,春季在瓯江口水域物种明显较少,秋季物种数空间分布大致为东西走向;春季种类重量多样性低于秋季,但尾数多样性高于秋季,鱼类种类数与多样性指数之间有较强的相关性。研究表明,乐清湾口海域的鱼类种类类型以近岸河口性鱼类为主,且大多为广温、广盐性种类;该海域位于河口,受瓯江径流影响较大;受地理位置和水文环境影响,该海域暖水性种类较多;种类数平面分布特征主要是春季受瓯江径流淡水水团影响,而秋季受交汇水团影响,物种丰富;两季鱼类多样性不同,是因为鱼类个体大小、数量随着季节的变化而变化。     

桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的群落结构特征

于2016年9月和11月对我国北方典型筏式养殖海湾—桑沟湾的筏式贝藻养殖区和网箱养殖区的大型底栖动物进行调查,研究了桑沟湾不同养殖区大型底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布、群落结构及生物多样性等群落特征,分析了底栖动物与海洋环境因子的关系,以了解养殖活动对大型底栖动物的影响。结果显示,调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物67种,其中,环节动物多毛类36种,软体动物12种,节肢动物门甲壳类和全足类16种,棘皮动物3种。桑沟湾大型底栖动物的优势种主要为多毛类,贝藻区的绝对优势种为刚鳃虫和长叶索沙蚕,网箱区的绝对优势种为异足索沙蚕和多丝独毛虫。生物量和丰度的特性为9月网箱区11月网箱区9月贝藻区,多样性指数的趋势相反。研究表明,底栖动物群落特征与底质有机碳、总磷、硫化物和氧化还原电位等因素有关,桑沟湾大规模养殖活动对底栖动物群落组成和分布产生了一定的影响。     

唐岛湾网箱养殖对水环境的影响

2004-08～2005-05分4个航次对唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水环境进行了现场调查，分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明，唐岛湾网箱养殖对海水的水温、盐度、透明度、DO、pH的影响不显著，对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著（t-test，P〈0.05）。养殖区CODMn虽然也显著高于对照点，但主要受陆源污染的影响，与网箱养殖关系不大。养殖区和对照点海水中无机氮的主要形态均以NO^3--N为主，其次是NH^4＋-N，NO2^--N最少，DIN、3种形态无机氮、无机磷的季节变化趋势也比较一致。除了NH^4＋-N外，唐岛湾网箱养殖对溶解态无机氮磷营养盐（NO3^--N、NO2^--N、DIN、PO4^3--P）的影响并不显著（t-test，P〉0.05），但养殖区内的含量比对照点有了一定程度的升高。以DIN和PO4^3--P作为N、P阈值来分析，目前唐岛湾网箱养殖区的水质未超出二类水质标准。唐岛湾网箱养殖区海水各季节的营养指数E值均小于1，表明养殖区的水质状况尚未达到富营养化水平。     

Maturity and reproduction of goneplacid crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcinoplax vestita</Emphasis> (Decapoda,Brachyura) in Tokyo Bay

ABSTRACT:     Sexual maturity, morphological sexual dimorphism, and reproduction of the goneplacid crab Carcinoplax vestita were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, from November 2002 to October 2003. The puberty molt in males was evidenced by changes in the relative size of the chelipeds and merus of the walking legs, and was estimated to occur at a size range of 13.20–18.85 mm carapace length. Post-pubertal females were identified by the relative size of the abdomen and puberty was estimated to occur at a size range of 12.81–15.46 mm carapace length. Sexual dimorphism in C. vestita was observed in all features that showed secondary sexual characteristics. Monthly changes of gonad index in males, and of seminal receptacle index and occurrence of sperm plugs in females were synchronized, and indicated that mating was intense in spring. Ovaries began developing in March. Ovigerous females were found in all months except December, but were clearly more abundant between August and October. Fecundity ranged from 7800 to 57 000 mature oocytes per female per batch and was highly correlated with body size. The results suggest that some females may spawn more than one batch per year.     

辽东湾网采浮游植物名录

为规范辽东湾浮游植物中文名、拉丁名写法,本文根据辽东湾历年监测资料整理了浮游植物名录,并与最新的数据库及专业浮游植物图谱、专著进行了校对,供研究参考。     

湄洲湾水域海水、沉积物中砷及重金属的含量分析

根据湄洲湾20个点位4批次水样,1次沉积物样,用原子荧光、原子吸收和多功能极谱仪测定海水和沉积物中砷及重金属的含量。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对湄洲湾水域海水和沉积物中的砷及重金属进行综合评价。结果表明,湄洲湾水域海水中的砷及重金属单因子污染指数Pi〈1,均符合第二类海水水质标准,内梅罗指数I〈1,总体...     

影响香溪河库湾不同时期叶绿素a浓度的相关因子分析

三峡上游梯级水库蓄水发电后,三峡水库支流库湾水华情势有显著不同。为弄清新情势下影响三峡水库支流库湾水华的影响因素,于2015年对香溪河库湾开展了为期一年的跟踪监测研究。结果表明：叶绿素a浓度季节性变化显著,夏季最高,春秋季次之,冬季最低,全年平均值为14.38μg/L,变化范围为0.36μg/L ~108.00μg/L;春季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、pH、混合层深度表现为正相关,与浊度总氮、总氮溶解性硅、真光层深度表现为负相关;夏季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、pH、滞留时间、混合层深度表现正相关,而与总氮表现为负相关;秋季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、混合层深度表现正相关,与浊度、溶解性硅、真光层深度表现负相关;冬季,叶绿素a与溶解性硅表现为负相关,与其他环境因子具有一定的相关性,但相关性不显著。总氮、总磷和叶绿素a的浓度水平均指示香溪河水体处于富营养化状态。     

Comparison of environmental conditions in two representative oyster farming areas: Hiroshima Bay,western Japan and Oginoham a Bay (a branch of Ishinomaki Bay), northern Japan

ABSTRACT:   Sea water environmental conditions over annual cycles were investigated and compared between two oyster farming areas, western Hiroshima Bay and Oginohama Bay (a branch of Ishinomaki Bay) in Miyagi Prefecture, to appropriately manage oyster culture or more efficiently utilize farming areas. The environmental parameters of temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations (NO₂–N, NO₃–N, NH₄–N, PO₄–P, and SiO₂–Si) and size-fractionated chlorophyll- a (<0.2, 2–20, >20µm), and abundances of microzooplankton were measured in each bay at the surface, and 2 and 5 m depth layers. Differences in the annual mean values and results with monthly paired Student's t -tests showed that salinity was lower, and temperature, nutrient (especially PO₄–P) and chlorophyll- a concentrations, and abundance of microzooplankton, were higher in Hiroshima Bay than in Oginohama Bay. Differences in environmental conditions between inshore and offshore areas of each bay suggest that inflows of river water in western Hiroshima Bay and sea water from offshore had the most significant effects on the environmental conditions. It is concluded that such oceanographic and biological differences strongly affect the oyster farming system, especially regarding the optimum usage of offshore areas in Summer under clean, cold and stable seawater conditions, rather than food quantity in Hiroshima Bay, and under more abundant food conditions in Oginohama Bay.     

罗源湾夏季游泳动物种类组成及其多样性

根据2009年7月在罗源湾进行的底拖网和笼壶调查资料,对该海域游泳动物组成特征进行了初步研究。结果表明,在该海域共捕获游泳动物96种,底拖网平均相对资源量为5．43kg／h。以生物量为单位计算群落多样性,Shannon—Wiener种类多样性指数盯平均为1．793,Margalef种类丰富度指数D平均值为2．386,Pielou种类均匀度指数J’平均为0．653。优势种为日本囊对虾（Penaeusjaponicus）、小鳞沟根虎鱼（Oxyurichthys microlepis）、日本蟪（Charybdisjaponica）、海鳗（Muraenesox cinereus）,常见种为髭锻虎鱼（Triaenopogon barbatus）、鹰爪虾（Trachypenaeus curvirostris）、锯塘鳢鱼（Prionobutis koilomatodon）、绿斑细棘服虎鱼（Acentrogobius chlorosigmatoides）、口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）。与历史资料相比,罗源湾游泳动物种类数明显减少,渔业资源呈现出小型化和低质化的趋势。