基于DPSA算法的“单库-单站”水资源优化调度方法研究

提出了单座水库与单座补水泵站水资源优化调度的非线性数学模型,模型以年内各时段的缺(弃)水量的平方最小为目标函数,各时段水库供水量和泵站引提水量为决策变量,各时段水库库容为状态变量,以年调节水库可供水量、泵站年引提水总量、水库与补水泵站的联合运行准则(泵站闲时补库、忙时供水)等为约束条件,并以南水北调东线一期江苏境内"骆马湖-皂河站"为实例,采用动态规划逐次逼近法进行求解。结果表明,相同供水保证率时,50%、75%、95%来水频率下泵站补水量、缺水量、弃水量比常规调度均有减少。     

群井开采条件下承压含水层渗流动态模拟

根据有限差分方法 ,编制了承压含水层渗流模拟软件。对某水源地在群井开采情况下地下水渗流动态进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示 ,位于高渗区的井 ,压降漏斗较其它井大 ,压力下降快。当地层中存在裂隙时 ,平行裂隙方向压力下降比垂直裂隙方向要快得多。抽水初期 ,地层压力下降很快 ,以后 ,压力下降逐渐变缓 ,位于低渗透区的井逐渐不能满足流量要求。因此做好地下水资源规划十分重要     

晋南小麦红吸浆虫发生规律及防治对策

小麦红吸浆虫在土内有4种虫态,其分布以中层(7～13厘米)最多,下层(13～20厘米)次之,上层(0～7厘米)最少,20～38厘米仍有虫口分布.幼虫以上层为最多,中层次之、下层最少;圆茧以中,下层最多,上层很少;长茧及蛹以上层为最多,中、下层较少.成虫发生迟早及持续时间长短的关键因素是3～5月的降雨量,其中以4月下旬降雨最为重要.4月下旬降雨多,则成虫发生早,持续时间长,成虫发生盛期与小麦抽穗期相吻合的机会多,小麦受害重.在小麦抽穗前施一次长效农药封闭地面,可杀死不断上升地面的幼虫和蛹,阻止成虫羽化.     

Prediction of the Economic Development for the Circumjacent Reservoir Region of the Longtan Hydropower Project Using Grey Quantitative Analog

In order to overcome some technical difficulties,we adopt ingenously the grey models combined with the quantitative analog method,and select the Dan Jiangkou Project which has accumulated practical operation data for a long time as the analog project to predict the economic influence for the circumjacent reservoir region of the Longtan hydropower project.On the basis of analog we have built various industrial economic grey models,and compare them with the corresponding predictions for the unconstructed reservoir case.The predictions of the former are greatly larger than the later ones.and hence provides a certain scientific basis for the central leaders to make a decision for constructing the huge hydropower project ultimateiy.     

A reservoir operational rule for irrigation in Japan

Operation of a reservoir for irrigation is more complicated and difficult than that for domestic water supply in Japan, owing to the fact that a requirement for irrigation takes various value depending upon effective rainfall on farmland, soil condition, and so on. Therefore, the reservoirs should be operated to correspond with demand, inflow, and unknown droughts occurring in the future. However, the reservoirs have been operated under operators' experiences without formal operational rules, because any effective theories or methods have been neither developed nor used in Japan at present.On operation of the reservoirs, there are two targets — promotion of effective release and restriction of release in preparation for droughts — conflicting with each other. It is useful to set up the operation with Required Storage for Drought Curve (RSDC) Method to achieve reasonable operation harmonizing those two targets. RSDC is composed with Target Line (TL) and Restrictive Release Lines (RRLs). TL is a target storage level to guarantee that storage will never empty until the end of the irrigation period under a certain probability. If actual storage remains above TL, effective release will be promoted. RRLs are storage levels pointing out the basis of restricting release. If actual storage falls below TL, release will be restrained in accordance with RRLs in order to get over uncertain droughts occurring in the future.In this paper, the theory of RSDC is described and the effectiveness of Rule Curve (RC) based on RSDC Method is illustrated by simulation on a single reservoir for irrigation.     

基于GIS技术的小型水库规划方法

在小流域治理中，为了提高水库规划的精确度和速度，提出了基于GIS技术来实现小型水库规划的方法。主要是基于GIS技术的库客曲线的制作方法；小型水库规划的可视化。在GIS中，真实地形在计算机中的表达用数字高程模型(DEM)表示，水库规划的三维可视化环境的实现需利用0penGL技术。     

水库建设与生态系统和谐

水库建设和运行对流域内上下游的生物群落和生态系统产生诸多负面影响,诸如改变流域水文气候,导致水温分层、泥沙淤积、水质恶化,切断河流廊道,阻隔鱼类洄游通道等;此外,传统的水库调度方式仅体现水库的工程效益、经济效益和社会效益,忽视了其生态效益。通过详细探讨这些问题,据此提出生态水库的概念,并从规划、设计、施工及生态调度等方面探讨了生态水库的理论体系,即水库建设需与生态系统达到高度的和谐与统一。     

峰谷电价下的梯级水电站短期优化

依据发电企业既要服从电网调度又要追求自身效益的特点，建立了两个考虑峰谷分时电价因子的梯级短期调度模型，并选用逐次优化和逐步逼近的混合算法(POA－DPSA)求解。该模型简单，算法易于实现。将该理论应用于电站实际演算中，结果表明这两个优化模型对促进电网的安全、提高企业发电效益具有较高的应用价值。     

灌溉兼防洪水库的优化调度

我国干旱半干旱地区，天然降水量少且时程及地域相差大，并有很大的随机性。对有水库调节的地区，如何处理天然降水的随机性，合理利用有限的水资源，解决人畜饮水、工业用水、林业及农业灌溉耗水，使其在各种情况下都能达到最佳的社会效益和经济效益，该文选用动态规划法，编制的电算程序，很好地解决了这一问题。     

大庆市西部地下水库人工回灌方案研究

为了缓解大庆市水资源供需矛盾,提高城市供水安全保障程度,利用业已形成的大庆市西部地下水位降落漏斗,建立地下水库实施水资源人工调蓄。综合分析回灌水水源、回灌水水质、回灌水量、回灌方式等,设计大庆市西部地下水库人工回灌方案,通过数值模拟计算,模拟人工调蓄效果。模拟结果表明,人工回灌可使降落漏斗区地下水位有明显上升,采用压采的同时将注水井布设于龙虎泡管线南侧的注水方案,水位恢复效果最为明显,可使漏斗区地下水位回升11 m左右。