4种禾草种子发芽条件的筛选研究

针对马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop)、止血马唐(Digitaria ischaemum(Schreib.)Schreib.)、细弱隐子草(Cleistogenes gracilis Keng)和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa(Trin.)Keng)4种禾本科牧草种子发芽率低的现象,使用不同温度、不同浓度KNO3溶液和预冷等处理对其进行打破休眠和促进萌发的研究,并对供试种子的适宜发芽条件进行筛选。结果表明:马唐种子不存在休眠问题,预冷和KNO3溶液对促进其萌发均没有显著效果;止血马唐种子存在休眠且生活力偏低,预冷能够打破休眠,KNO3处理能够有效提高其种子的生活力(P0.05);细弱隐子草和糙隐子草发芽率低主要原因是种子生活力低,KNO3处理能够极显著提高种子的生活力和发芽率(P0.01)。4种种子的最适发芽条件分别是:马唐种子用KNO3(0.2%)处理或不处理,在30℃恒温发芽;止血马唐、细弱隐子草和糙隐子草种子均为用KNO3(0.2%)处理并预冷(7d)后20～30℃变温发芽。     

外源GA_3浸种处理促进火龙果种子发芽

火龙果种子播种育苗存在着种子发芽慢、发芽不整齐、发芽率低及幼苗细弱等问题。为了探讨提高火龙果种子发芽速度、发芽率和种子活力的方法,本试验以白肉火龙果（Hylocereus undatus Brit.t ＆ Rose）种子为材料,采用4个不同浓度（100mg/L,200mg/L,300mg/L和400mg/L）外源GA3对种子进行浸种处理,在适宜的光、温、水、气条件下催芽,通过对种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗鲜重和活力指数的测定,研究不同浓度外源GA3浸种处理对火龙果种子发芽的影响,不处理为对照。结果表明,不同浓度外源GA3浸种处理对火龙果种子的发芽势、发芽率和种子活力均有明显的促进作用,其中400mg/L处理效果最好,300mg/L处理次之,再次是200mg/L、100mg/L,对照最差。本文的研究结果,将为火龙果种子播种育苗及育种工作提供科学理论依据。     

施氮量对大穗型二系杂交水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响(英文)

[目的]研究施氮量对大穗型二系杂交水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响。[方法]以2个大穗型二系杂交水稻品种培杂67和培杂88为材料,研究3种不同施氮水平(LN:90kg/hm2;MN:180kg/hm2;HN:270kg/hm)2对大穗型二系杂交水稻强弱势粒充实度和灌浆特性的影响。[结果]施氮量过高会降低弱势粒灌浆速率,延长灌浆时间,致使在叶片功能明显衰退后,弱势粒尚不能完成充实过程,造成弱势粒充实度下降;而施氮量过低则会降低弱势粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,增大强、弱势粒之间平均灌浆速率的差异,从而造成弱势粒粒重和充实度下降。施氮量对强势粒充实度影响不大。[结论]该研究结果为氮肥的合理施用以及提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率提供了理论依据。     

新疆猪牙花种子生物学特性研究

[目的]对新疆猪牙花种子生物学特性进行研究,为新疆猪牙花驯化引种提供科学依据.[方法]对新疆猪牙花果实和种子的基本形态和解部特征进行研究;并对种子千粒重、含水量、种子生活力和发芽率以及种皮透性等进行测定.[结果]新疆猪牙花果实为蒴果,具3棱,鲜果粒横径11.0～35.0 mm.纵径12.0～45.5 mm,单果重量0.5 ～4.5 g.阴干种子横径为1.0～2.3 mm,纵径1.5～4.0mm,厚度1.0～1.5 mm.种子成熟期6月中旬至下旬,千粒重为7.8g,种子生活力为93.6％,含水量为12.04％,浸种12 h后,种子吸水率达70％.不同浓度的种子浸提液可明显抑制白菜种子的发芽和幼根生长并一定程度上抑制种子本身的生长,不同药物处理对新疆猪牙花种子没有影响,新疆猪牙花种子种皮无吸水障碍,新疆猪牙花种子有明显的休眠特性.种子体眠的主要原因与胚形态、晚熟及发芽抑制物有关.[结论]新疆猪牙花种子透水性较好,吸水不存在障碍,因此其种皮透性不是引起种子体眠的原因.     

培养料中棉籽成分对平菇生长的影响

探索了培养料中不同棉籽含量、转基因棉籽和非转基因棉籽对平菇生长的影响，结果发现：培养料中棉籽含量超过20％，就会影响平菇的常年栽培；超过40％，会导致不出菇；超过70％，会导致茵丝体不生长。棉籽含量超过30％的培养料，会出现氨味和臭味，且菌丝难以在菌棒内部生长；低于30％的培养料，随着棉籽含量的增加，前期茵丝的生长速度减慢，但不影响菌丝满袋时间、菇蕾形成时间。培养料中含有不同品种转基因棉籽、非转基因棉籽，不影响菌丝长势、菌丝满袋时间。     

十五个鸭茅品种在云南不同气候带的品比试验研究

通过对15个鸭茅品种在云南不同气候带的试验研究,以平均相对干物质产量指标为主,同时以物候发育、种子产量和营养成分为辅,确定最适宜云南中亚热带、北亚热带、暖温带、中温带和寒温带大面积推广种植的鸭茅品种为波特(Porto)。     

杂交茎瘤芥涪杂一号制种技术研究

涪杂一号是用茎瘤芥胞质雄性不育系96118-3A与自交系92154杂交培育的新品种,虽产量高,品质好,但制种产量一直很低,严重制约该品种推广.试验结果表明,最佳播栽期父母本相差5天,行比1:3,密度12000株/667 m2,母本现蕾和抽薹时喷施300mg·kg-1多效唑液,能够使制种产量达20～25 kg/667 m2.     

西葫芦不同雌花位种瓜对杂交一代种子产量的影响

以花叶西葫芦为母本，黑龙江小白皮为父本配制杂交一代种子，观察不同雌花位种瓜对种子产量的影响。结果表明，第２雌花位种瓜种子产量，千粒重最大。在人工授粉条件下，其单瓜种子粒数分别较第１、第３雌花位种瓜增加１１４．４粒、４３粒；其单瓜种子重量亦分别增加５６．９％和１７．０％。     

悬浮剂型种衣剂的悬浮稳定性和流动性

本文讨论了悬浮剂型种衣剂的悬浮稳定性和流动性。研究结果表明，悬浮性和流动性与原工的粒子大小、体系的粘度和触变性凝胶网络的形成相关。所得结论为工业生产优质种衣剂提供理论和实验依据。     

Influence of leaf and silique photosynthesis on seeds yield and seeds oil quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

With the purpose of enhancing oil production, the present work was carried out to elucidate relationships between photosynthesis of leaves, siliques and seeds yield and seeds oil accumulation of oilseed rape. Field trials, in which two repeated experiments was carried out during 2012–2014 growth season, a rape hybrids the “Qin You No.7” (Brassica napus L.) variety was taken into account. The results showed that, on rape plant the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid contents of leaf were significantly higher than that of silique shell. Oil content of 94.7% was achieved in young seeds (sampled at 25th day after flowering ending stage of the tested rape plant) versus to mature seeds, saturated fatty acids percent was higher whereas oleic acid percent was lower of oil extracted from young seeds. During flowering period of the rape plants tested, area and dry weight of leaves attained maximum, treatments of removing leaves induced reduction in seeds number per silique, siliques number, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content, these indexes were respectively decreased by 73.6%, 43.4%, 83.4% and 10.5% in maximum, and seeds oil composition was not significantly influenced; during seeds growing period of the tested plants, surface area and dry weight of siliques attained maximum, under shading siliques treatment, the 1000-seed weight, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content were respectively reduced by 57.5%, 61.4% and 44.7% in maximum, and seeds oil oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3) percent was decreased, linolic acid (C18:2) and erucidic acid (C22:1) percent was increased. So for oilseed rape plant during flowering period, surface area and photosynthesis of leaves dramatically influenced siliques number, seeds number and seeds yield; while in seeds growth period, surface area and photosynthesis of siliques greatly influenced 1000-seed yield, seeds yield, seeds oil content and oil composition; oil accumulation in rape seeds initiated early since seeds commencing growth, seed mature degree influenced oil composition of seeds.