Analyses on Stability of Saturated-Unsaturated Bank Slope with Revetment During Rise and Fall of River Level

The bank slope failure is closely related to the rise and fall of river level generally. In order to analysis the influence of the rise and fall of river level on Jin’an River bank slope stability in Fuzhou, the saturated-unsaturated seepage of bank slope with revetment was modelled based on the engineering geological condition of some bank of Jin’an River, and the effect of rise and fall of river induced by the DRWWOS(Drawing River Water to Wash Out Sewage) project on bank slope stability was studied. The results show the silt lying on the slope toe impedes pore water change, manifesting as in its sphere of influence river water is hard to flow into the bank when river rises, and the pore water pressure can not dissipate in time when drawdown. The faster the river rises, the more stable the bank slope becomes. On the contrary, the larger river level falling rate is more likely to leads to bank slope failure. Due to the poor bank drainage performance, the frequent rise and fall of river level results in pore water pressure increasing further, then impairing the bank slope stability. During DRWWOS project, the river level falling rate control and pore water pressure dissipation must be paid enough attention to. Also, replacing silt lying on the slope toe by good permeable material is a good choice to reinforce the bank slope.     

The histology of dermal glands of mating Breviceps with comments on their possible functional value in microhylids (Amphibia: Anura)

During mating male and female Breviceps become ‘glued’ together. The distribution of multicellular dermal glands varies between the sexes. The mate has a large number of holocrine glands on the ventrum, while the female has similar glands on the dorsum of the back. II thus appears that both sexes contribute to the ‘glueing’ mechanism. New hypotheses to explain the adhesion between the sexes are proposed, viz., that the shift to terrestrial habils and subterranean laying in Breviceps have secondarily resulted in male si2e diminution. In other microhylids which adhere during aquatic oviposition, yet demonstrate a terrestrial morphology and habits, bouyancy is suggested to be of primary functional value.     

大花萱草‘金娃娃’的花器结构和繁育系统观察

通过观察,运用杂交指数、花粉/胚珠、花粉及柱头活力、坐果率等指标对大花萱草‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis hybridus cv.‘Stella de oro’)的花部特征、开花动态及授粉特性等进行研究。在人工栽培条件下,金娃娃萱草5-9月开花,花苔分3～4次抽生,首次开花群体花期32 d,单苔花期9～16 d,单花花期1 d。雄蕊短于花柱,花药与柱头相差2.71 cm,在花朵开放的整个过程中雌、雄蕊的相对位置始终不变。开花前1 d的花粉活力最强,开花前1 d和开花当天的柱头具有较强的可授性。杂交指数为4,花粉/胚珠值为1 164,结合坐果率,可以判断其繁育系统属于兼性异交,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者。特殊的花部结构、缺少传粉者和花期短可能是金娃娃萱草结实率较低的原因。     

双酶分步水解制备棉籽多肽工艺条件优化

为高效制备棉籽多肽,采用Alcalase酶和Flavourzyme酶对棉籽蛋白进行双酶分步水解.在前期单因素试验的基础上,通过Plackett-Burrman设计对影响其多肽得率的相关因素进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素,然后通过三因素三水平的 Box-Behnken 响应面分析法确定双酶分步水解棉籽蛋白的最优操作条件为:底物浓度(w/v)8.36%,先用Alcalase 酶在温度59.9℃、pH值8.0、酶用量25000 U/g的条件下水解150 min,再用Flavourzyme酶在温度50℃、pH值6.0、酶用量27430 U/g的条件下水解120 min,多肽得率可达到65.07%.     

Defining and Measuring Forest Health

If forest health is to be approached scientifically, it must be defined and measured. Forest health is a condition of forest ecosystems that sustains their complexity while providing for human needs. We developed this broad definition becaue a wisely acceptable definition is lacking, and forest health is a focal point in discussions of how to sustain forest ecosystems in the United States. Steps for measuring forest health are: (1) select a representative set of indicators for a particular ecosystem; (2) establish baseline data, such as a historical range of variability; (3) develop standards against which to compare current conditions; and (4) establish a monitoring program to assess current conditions and modify baseline data as new trends develop.     

西藏林芝高山松土壤种子库空间分布特征研究

通过研究西藏林芝高山松土壤种子库的空间分布特征,可以深入了解当地高山松林地土壤中种子数量的分布情况,以及高山松种子的质量状况,有助于高山松林的可持续发展。选取林芝附近有大面积高山松林分布的东久乡东久桥样地、林芝镇林芝桥样地以及八一镇比日神山样地为研究对象,采用野外采样、室内试验和数据分析相结合的方法,探讨高山松土壤种子库的空间分布格局。结果表明,高山松土壤种子库中的种子数量在水平方向上的差异不显著,种子数量随着与母树距离的增加而逐渐减少,表现出近母树分布的趋向。在不同土层深度中,高山松土壤种子库中的种子数量差异显著(P=0.01),随土层深度的增加而逐渐减少,并且单因素分析发现海拔对高山松土壤种子库中种子数量的变化影响不大。土壤种子库中有活力种子仅占种子总量的1.05%,其中72.44%的有活力种子集中在枯落物层;虫蛀种子所占比例最高,占总量的47.41%,败育种子占种子总量的12.32%,腐败种子所占比例最小,为3.02%,可见种子丧失活力的首要原因是被啮齿类动物或鸟类的取食。地表枯落物层是种子进入土壤的一大阻碍,及时扰动地表枯落物有助于高山松种子进入土壤和萌发。     

氮磷水耦合作用下土壤种子库植被恢复应用参数的优化

[目的]探究植被恢复工程中氮、磷、水的交互作用对土壤种子库萌发的影响,可为表层土壤的合理利用以及土壤种子库植被恢复工程中相关参数的调控提供有价值的参考。[方法]采用温室萌发法,探讨氮、磷、水分等单一因素对土壤种子库萌发及幼苗初期生长的影响;采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计(BBC)与响应面法(RSM)相结合的方法来探究这3个因素对土壤种子库萌发及幼苗初期生长的交互影响,并得到植被恢复的最优方案;采用降维法对响应面模型中3因素的耦合作用进行验证。[结果]①当氮、磷、水分分别位于5～20 g/m~2,5～15 g/m~2,10～30 mm范围时,土壤种子库的萌发及幼苗初期生长情况相对较好;②响应面分析中最适模型为二次模型,在该模型中水分(C)对响应值Y的影响最大,且植被恢复的最优条件为氮13.54 g/m~2,磷9.47 g/m~2,水分30 mm;③在水分较低的情况下,植物对氮、磷的吸收也相对较低,氮、磷、水的交互作用不显著;而在水分较高的情况下,即使施肥较少,其对应的土壤种子库萌发效果也高于施肥水平高而水分胁迫的处理。降维分析进一步验证了水分的重要性,这与响应面分析中的结果相吻合。[结论]尽管优化条件可能与实际中略有差异,但该研究仍有很大的参考价值,且氮、磷与水分的交互效应均表现出对土壤种子库萌发及幼苗生长的促进作用。     

土壤种子库研究进展

在浏览国内外大量文献的基础上,从土壤种子库研究意义、国内外研究现状和目前研究的热点问题等方面论述土壤种子库的研究进展。针对目前土壤种子库研究的热点问题,主要从土壤种子库的分类、种子质量和种子休眠之间的关系、种子库的水平分布及种子库与地上植被的关系等方面进行讨论,指出其在遗传结构和扩散等研究内容及方法方面所存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议。     

水流作用下临水岸坡稳定性计算模型

河流崩岸是我国堤防安全面临的重大问题,汛期前后崩岸诱发大量的滑体进入河道,影响航运,给沿岸人民正常生产生活带来重大影响。针对水流作用下临水岸坡失稳问题,综合考虑坡表静水压力、内部孔隙水压力、边坡几何形状等因素的影响,构建了楔形岸坡稳定计算模型,并结合长江干流芙蓉大堤段崩岸实例,分析了各因素对岸坡稳定的作用。结果表明,坡表与地下水位升降及二者之差,对岸坡稳定影响较大,且水流的淘刷深度也直接影响着岸坡整体稳定。     

基于nanoUPLC-MS/MS的螺旋藻游离肽组成分析

为了研究螺旋藻中的多肽成分,以钝顶螺旋藻为原料,采用超滤法提取螺旋藻中的游离肽,利用nanoUPLC-MS/MS和PEAKS Studio分析谱图信息,结合NCBI数据库进行比对和从头测序分析,获得游离肽的结构组成和百分含量信息。结果表明,利用数据库比对法和从头测序法,分别得到可信的游离肽4 485个和20 597个,匹配到的蛋白质有1 036种。数据库比对结果中的游离肽主要为七肽到二十一肽,少量为二十一肽以上;从头测序结果中游离肽主要为二肽到十六肽,少量为十六肽以上。数据库比对结果中百分含量最高的游离肽是十肽,为15.95%;从头测序结果中百分含量最高的是五肽,达到24.09%。本研究结果为螺旋藻蛋白资源的进一步开发和利用提供了依据。