CO2及光强对南麂列岛铜藻生长的影响

铜藻Sargassum horneri(Turner) C. Agardh是浙江沿海常见的大型海藻之一,对海洋生态系具有重要作用。近年来由于环境恶化,南麂列岛海域的大量铜藻藻场退化消失。因此探讨其退化机制,是维持沿海生态平衡和恢复藻场的重要理论基础。本研究对比研究了不同光强(低光,LL: 40～50 μmol·m-2·s-1;高光,HL: 100～110 μmol·m-2·s-1)、不同CO2浓度(低CO2浓度,LC: 076 μg·L-1;高CO2浓度,HC: 196 μg·L-1）,对铜藻生长状况的影响,以期了解铜藻对环境胁迫的适应。结果表明: 1)高光条件下,铜藻的相对生长速率(RGR)为180%·d-1,是低光条件下(RGR=085%·d-1)的21倍;2)高CO2浓度能促进铜藻的生长,HC的RGR(289%·d-1)是LC(249%·d-1)的116倍;3)HL和HC培养的藻体,其株高和叶片数分别优于LL和LC的,但LL和LC的Chla含量高于前者。     

大陈浅海区羊栖菜软筏式栽培技术初步研究

选用本地自然海区羊栖菜苗种,采用软筏式进行羊栖菜栽培试验,结果表明：羊栖菜生长与海区水温有很大关系,前期生长慢,后期生长快,最快是在5月,4月次之,12月最慢。从2005年9月28日起,历时7个月的养殖,至2006年5月初羊栖菜开始上市,至6月底全部收成,2×10^4 m^2养殖面积共收获羊栖菜（干菜）1.366×10^4 kg,产值20.763 2×10^4元,纯收入9.663 2×10^4元,创效益每667 m^23 221.06元。     

(−)-Loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri Abate UVB-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Subside ECM Degradation

Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure is a prominent cause of skin aging and a contemporary subject of interest. The effects are progressing through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that alter cell signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses. The present study evaluates the protective effects of (7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one (HTT) isolated from the edible brown algae Sargassum horneri against UVB protective effects in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HTT treatment dose-dependently suppressed intracellular ROS generation in HDFs with an IC₅₀ of 62.43 ± 3.22 µM. HTT abated UVB-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization and apoptotic body formation. Furthermore, UVB-induced activation of key nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling proteins were suppressed in HTT treated cells while downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, 6, 8, 33 and tumor necrosis factor-α). Moreover, HTT treatment downregulated matrix metalloproteinase1, 2, 3, 8, 9 and 13 that was further confirmed by the inhibition of collagenase and elastase activity. The evidence implies that HTT delivers protective effects against premature skin aging caused by UVB exposure via suppressing inflammatory responses and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Extensive research in this regard will raise perspectives for using HTT as an ingredient in UV protective ointments.     

饲料中添加鼠尾藻粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体成分、抗氧化和非特异免疫参数的影响

研究饲料中添加鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的影响。在基础饲料中添加0、2. 5%、5%、7. 5%和10%的鼠尾藻粉,饲喂初始体质量(66. 45±0. 52) g的大菱鲆幼鱼8周。结果表明:随着鼠尾藻粉添加量的升高,增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)和日摄食率(DFI)呈现逐渐下降的趋势,2. 5%组与空白组相比无显著差异(P 0. 05);全鱼粗灰分含量有逐渐升高的趋势,藻粉组均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05);血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性表现出先升高后下降的趋势,在5%组达到最高。本实验条件下,添加2. 5%的鼠尾藻粉对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长无显著影响,添加5%的鼠尾藻粉显著提高了大菱鲆幼鱼的非特异性免疫能力。     

超声辅助乙醇提取铜藻中岩藻黄素的工艺研究

对超声辅助有机溶剂法提取鲜铜藻Sargassum horneri中岩藻黄素的提取工艺进行研究。采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)检测岩藻黄素含量,以单因素实验考察了提取溶剂、乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比、提取温度和提取次数对岩藻黄素提取率的影响,并通过正交试验优化得到最佳工艺。提取的最佳工艺为：乙醇浓度90%,超声时间18 min,料液比1 g∶5 mL,提取温度45℃,提取2次。此条件下岩藻黄素提取率达到0.292 5 mg/g鲜重（1.460 3 mg/g干重）。鲜铜藻中岩藻黄素的含量十分丰富,超声辅助乙醇提取岩藻黄素提取效率高、方便快捷。     

羊栖菜生物炭对镉污染土壤性质及镉形态的影响

为了研究生物炭对实际镉(Cd)污染土壤理化性质和Cd化学形态的影响,首先以海洋生物质(羊栖菜)、农林废弃物(水稻秸秆、山核桃壳)为原料制备了三种生物炭,并比较了三种生物炭对水溶液中Cd的吸附效果,从而优选出对Cd吸附最佳的生物炭。通过在Cd污染的土壤中施用不同用量的优选生物炭,测定污染土壤基本理化性质和Cd化学形态的变化,初步探讨了生物炭对实际Cd污染土壤理化性质和土壤Cd污染的钝化效果。结果表明,三种生物炭中羊栖菜炭对重金属Cd的吸附效果最佳。污染土壤添加羊栖菜炭后可以明显提高污染土壤p H、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和有机质,且随添加量增加而幅度增大。不同量的羊栖菜炭的施入均有效降低了污染土壤有效态Cd含量,使得土壤重金属Cd由交换态向碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态转化。综上所述,羊栖菜炭显著降低了土壤重金属Cd的生物有效性和生态毒性,从而显著降低重金属Cd的危害。     

重金属镉对铜藻生长及其生物活性成分积累的影响

为研究水体重金属污染对经济海藻的生长和品质造成的严重影响,以经济褐藻铜藻Sargassum horneri为研究对象,在温度为15℃的条件下,研究了由Cd Cl2·2.5H2O配制不同浓度(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0 mg/L)的重金属镉胁迫对铜藻生长、光合色素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等生理生化指标,以及对生物活性成分(岩藻黄素、褐藻胶和褐藻多酚)积累的影响。结果表明:对照组藻体的特定生长率(SGR)在15 d内持续升高,0.1、0.5 mg/L Cd处理组的SGR在试验前10 d内逐渐升高,然后保持稳定至第15天,1.0 mg/L处理组的SGR随着培养时间的延长呈波动变化状态,而5.0 mg/L处理组的SGR呈先升高后降低的趋势;藻体的各项生理生化指标随胁迫时间呈不同的变化趋势,但在试验第15天时,各胁迫组藻体的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白含量均显著低于对照组(P0.05),而可溶性糖含量则显著高于对照组(P0.05);铜藻的岩藻黄素和褐藻多酚含量在不同浓度的Cd胁迫下均有极大程度的下降,且Cd胁迫浓度越高,降幅越大,而褐藻胶含量在Cd浓度≤0.5 mg/L胁迫下未有显著变化(P0.05),在Cd≥1.0mg/L时显著下降(P0.05)。研究表明,在铜藻产业化开发应用过程中,其养殖海域的重金属污染是需要考虑的重要因素。     

青苔和大叶藻对刺参生长性能及免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究青苔和大叶藻对刺参生长性能及免疫指标的影响。试验选取720头平均质量为0.35 g的刺参,随机分为3个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复80头刺参。以青苔、大叶藻和海带为主要藻类蛋白质源,分别制成3种不同配合饲料饲喂刺参,海带组为对照组,青苔组及大叶藻组为试验组。试验期8周。通过评估刺参的生长性能、体壁营养成分、消化酶活性及非特异性免疫指标评价青苔和大叶藻对刺参健康生长的影响。结果表明:青苔组和大叶藻组增重率较对照组分别增加了29.15%和24.13%,饲料系数较对照组降低了10.39%和15.58%,但各组间无显著差异(P0.05);青苔组和大叶藻组刺参脏壁比、肠重比显著低于对照组(P0.05),体壁水分含量显著高与对照组(P0.05);大叶藻组体壁粗灰分含量显著高于青苔组和对照组(P0.05);青苔组和大叶藻组刺参肠道淀粉酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05);青苔组体腔液谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于对照组和大叶藻组(P0.05),过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性均高于对照组和大叶藻组,但各组间无显著差异(P0.05);大叶藻组体腔液碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),与青苔组无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,青苔和大叶藻作为饲料原料应用于刺参饲料中是可行的;以生长性能指标为基础,结合抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标,刺参生长效果为青苔组大叶藻组海带组。     

Biological Properties of Fucoxanthin in Oil Recovered from Two Brown Seaweeds Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

The bioactive materials in brown seaweeds hold great interest for developing new drugs and healthy foods. The oil content in brown seaweeds (Saccharina japonica and Sargassum horneri) was extracted by using environmentally friendly supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) with ethanol as a co-solvent in a semi-batch flow extraction process and compared the results with a conventional extraction process using hexane, ethanol, and acetone mixed with methanol (1:1, v/v). The SC-CO₂ method was used at a temperature of 45 °C and pressure of 250 bar. The flow rate of CO₂ (27 g/min) was constant for the entire extraction period of 2 h. The obtained oil from the brown seaweeds was analyzed to determine their valuable compounds such as fatty acids, phenolic compounds, fucoxanthin and biological properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihypertension effects. The amounts of fucoxanthin extracted from the SC-CO₂ oils of S. japonica and S. horneri were 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.77 ± 0.07 mg/g, respectively. High antihypertensive activity was detected when using mixed acetone and methanol, whereas the phenolic content and antioxidant property were higher in the oil extracted by SC-CO₂. The acetone–methanol mix extracts exhibited better antimicrobial activities than those obtained by other means. Thus, the SC-CO₂ extraction process appears to be a good method for obtaining valuable compounds from both brown seaweeds, and showed stronger biological activity than that obtained by the conventional extraction process.     

Valorization of Sargassum muticum Biomass According to the Biorefinery Concept

The biorefinery concept integrates processes and technologies for an efficient biomass conversion using all components of a feedstock. Sargassum muticum is an invasive brown algae which could be regarded as a renewable resource susceptible of individual valorization of the constituent fractions into high added-value compounds. Microwave drying technology can be proposed before conventional ethanol extraction of algal biomass, and supercritical fluid extraction with CO₂ was useful to extract fucoxanthin and for the fractionation of crude ethanol extracts. Hydrothermal processing is proposed to fractionate the algal biomass and to solubilize the fucoidan and phlorotannin fractions. Membrane technology was proposed to concentrate these fractions and obtain salt- and arsenic-free saccharidic fractions. Based on these technologies, this study presents a multipurpose process to obtain six different products with potential applications for nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.