数字PCR技术在动物疫病检测中的应用

为了支持动物疫病流行地区的控制及消除计划,以及在动物疫病非流行地区进行有效筛查,必须使用更加准确灵敏的诊断手段。数字PCR可实现绝对定量及痕量核酸的检测,与传统检测方法相比具有不依赖参考物或标准品、对抑制剂具有较高耐受性、灵敏度和精准度更高的优点。数字PCR作为一种定量分析的核酸检测新方法,在动物疫病检测中得到了应用,围绕数字PCR技术的原理、应用、存在的问题及发展趋势等进行综述及分析,为数字PCR在动物疫病检测中的进一步应用提供参考。     

应用斑点免疫技术快速检测柑桔溃疡病菌

应用改进的斑点免疫技术在国产微孔滤膜上检测柑桔溃疡病菌（Ｘａｎ－ｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓａｘｏｎｏｐｏｄｉｓｐｖ．ｃｉｔｒｉ）。结果表明，靶细菌检测下限为１×１０４细胞／ｍｌ，柑桔无症材料浸出液稀释（１２８倍）仍可检出。经柑桔叶面腐生黄单胞及近缘细菌交叉吸收，提高了多克隆抗血清特异性，能有效地避免假阳性。３种ＨＲＰ－标结结合物的效果为ＨＲＰ－ＳｐＡ＞ＨＲＰ－ＩｇＧ（鼠抗兔）＞ＨＲＰ－ＩｇＧ（羊抗兔）。封闭液采用ＴＢＳ＋０．１％曲拉通或０．５％吐温２０，吐温８０均可获得白色滤膜背景。对全国８省３８县５１８个柑桔无症样品ＤＩＡ检验结果，平均带菌率３１．８２％，符合实际病情。     

Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.     

Serum lipase determination in the dog: a comparison of a titrimetric method with an automated kinetic method

An enzymatic, kinetic method for determining serum lipase activity was evaluated and compared to a standard manual method for use in dogs. The kinetic method was a commercial kit adapted for use on a tandem access clinical chemistry analyzer and utilized a series of coupled enzymatic reactions based on the hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride by lipase. The manual method was the Cherry-Crandall technique based on the titration of base against the acid formed by hydrolysis of an olive oil substrate by lipase. The correlation between the two methods was very good (r = 0.94). The reference range for 56 clinically healthy dogs assayed by the kinetic method was 90 to 527 U/L. Diseases associated with a greater than twofold elevation in serum lipase activity as determined by the kinetic method included pancreatitis, gastritis with liver disease, and oliguric renal failure with metabolic acidosis. In some cases, pancreatitis was seen with other clinical problems, such as gastroenteritis, diabetic ketoacidosis, duodenal mass, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and septic peritonitis. Diseases associated with serum lipase activity within the reference range or elevated less than twofold included gastritis, gastric ulcer, cholestasis, phenobarbital-induced hepatopathy, colitis, copper hepatopathy, abdominal hematoma, apocrine gland adenocarcinoma, and thrombocytopenia with pneumonia.     

3种生物农药对平阳马尾松毛虫的防治效果

[目的]探讨3种生物农药对平阳马尾松毛虫(Dendrolimus punctatus)的防治效果,为有效预防和遏制马尾松毛虫的危害提供参考。[方法]采用饲喂法测定了苏云金杆菌、阿维菌素、0.3%阿维菌素和100亿活芽孢/g苏云金杆菌(林得保)3种生物农药对马尾松毛虫5龄幼虫的室内毒力,并考察了林得保对该虫的林间防治效果。[结果]林得保室内毒力LC50值仅为18.25 mg/L,林间将其与轻质碳酸钙以1∶10、1∶15、1∶20、1∶25配制浓度喷粉防治马尾松毛虫的效果均达80%以上,其中1∶10、1∶15配制浓度的防治效果最好。[结论]林得保粉剂1∶15配制浓度防治马尾松毛虫第1代5龄幼虫既经济又有效,适合林间大面积防治马尾松毛虫。     

纳米标记免疫层析法在农药残留检测中的应用研究进展

农药残留超标已成为影响农产品质量安全的重要问题,迫切需要探寻开发灵敏、准确、可靠、便捷且适用性强的农药残留快速检测方法。免疫层析法是将抗原抗体特异性免疫反应和色谱层析分离技术相结合的一种快速检测方法,其中,基于胶体金标记的免疫层析技术以其便捷、成本低、可视化等优点而受到普遍欢迎。近年来随着量子点、时间分辨荧光微球、上转换发光纳米粒子等新型纳米标记材料的出现,免疫层析技术得到了广泛发展。文章从标记类型（非共价作用标记及共价作用标记）及标记材料（胶体金、纳米碳、量子点、上转换发光纳米粒子、磁性纳米颗粒、时间分辨荧光微球及荧光乳胶颗粒）等方面,综述了不同纳米材料标记的免疫层析技术及其在农药残留检测领域的研究及应用进展,可为深入开展农药残留免疫层析技术研究提供参考。     

SOD活性和同工酶检测系统中干扰因素的研究

采用NBT光化还原反应检测SOD活性时,反应系统中蛋白质含量在100 μg以上将对SOD活性测定造成严重干扰,并且干扰程度随蛋白质含量的增加而加剧;连苯三酚自氧化系统受维生素C的干扰,当反应系统中维生素C的含量在20 μg以上,则明显抑制连苯三酚的自氧化.同一植物材料的SOD同工酶在不同浓度的凝胶系统中分离将显示出不同的分离效果.     

重庆柑橘主产区衰退病毒组群分析

柑橘衰退病毒(CTV)存在严重的株系混合侵染现象,因此需要用一定的方法对混合株系进行识别。本文应用CPGs/HinfⅠ对采自重庆市6个主要柑橘产区的92个CTV阳性样品进行限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析,结果发现在甜橙上既有单一株系侵染(CPGs/HinfⅠRFLP组群以3为主),也有混合株系侵染(CPGs/HinfⅠRFLP组群以1、3或1、3、6组群为主),而在柚类上只带单一的CPGs/HinfⅠRFLP6组群。     

头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法研究

【目的】 建立一种简便、快速、灵敏度高、特异性强的头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)检测新方法。【方法】 制备金银复合核壳结构的纳米贵金属,用来标记头孢氨苄抗体和拉曼信号分子5,5’-二硫代双2-硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB),合成拉曼免疫探针,用透射电子显微镜和双光束紫外分光光度计对纳米金和修饰拉曼信号分子的金银复合核壳结构进行表征。将合成的拉曼免疫探针固定在微孔板上,待测样品中的头孢氨苄与包被在硝酸纤维素膜上的头孢氨苄抗原竞争结合拉曼免疫探针,通过免疫层析试纸条结合共聚焦拉曼光谱仪读取DTNB的信号值,建立头孢氨苄定量检测技术,并应用于实际牛奶样品的检测。【结果】 透射电子显微镜和双光束紫外分光光度计表征结果显示,纳米银成功包裹在金颗粒表面。用共聚焦拉曼光谱仪检测免疫层析试纸条上拉曼信号分子的特征峰,拉曼信号分子特征峰为1 062、1 154、1 334和1 558 cm^-1,其中1 334 cm^-1处特征峰信号最强,选取此处峰高定量测定头孢氨苄的含量。头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测的线性范围为0~1 ng/mL,检测限为0.001 ng/mL,头孢氨苄的半数抑制质量浓度为0.05 ng/mL。与头孢克洛交叉反应率为111.1%,与头孢曲松钠、头孢夫辛酯、头孢噻吩钠交叉反应率均低于0.1%。实际样品加标浓度为1、4和8 ng /mL,回收率分别为94.4%、103.3%和97.5%。【结论】 本研究建立的头孢氨苄免疫层析表面增强拉曼光谱检测方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,耗材成本低廉,可满足奶牛养殖农场和乳品加工企业进行大批量样品初筛检测需求。     

Comparison of antibody values in sera of pigs vaccinated with a subunit or an attenuated vaccine against classical swine fever

Ten pigs, aged 85 days, were vaccinated with a subunit vaccine containing 32 g of classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 (gp E2) (group 1), and a further 10 pigs were vaccinated with a C strain vaccine (10^4±0.15 TCID₅₀/ml), produced by amplification in minipig kidney (MPK) cell culture (group 2). Nine non-vaccinated pigs served as a control group (group 3). Serum samples were collected before (day 0) and at 4, 10, 21 and 28 days after vaccination and were analysed by two commercially available enzyme immunoassays and by a neutralizing peroxidase-linked assay (NPLA). At the same times, peripheral blood was taken for determining the total leukocyte count and the body temperature was taken daily. Antibodies were not detected in serum samples collected before vaccination (day 0), and no side-effects that could be connected with vaccination were observed during the trial. Ten days after vaccination 6/10 pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine were seropositive. On days 21 and 28, the ratios of serologically positive to vaccinated pigs were 9/10 and 10/10, respectively. Four of the ten pigs that were vaccinated with the C strain vaccine were positive on day 21 and 9/10 on day 28. However, the results of the NPLA showed that only 4/10 pigs had an antibody titre >1:32 at the end of the trial in both the vaccinated groups, even though the subunit vaccine initiated an earlier and higher level of neutralizing antibodies than the vaccine produced from the C strain. Challenge was performed 28 days after vaccination on four randomly selected pigs from both vaccinated groups. The pigs survived the challenge without showing any clinical signs of classical swine fever (CSF), while two nonvaccinated control pigs died on the 10th and 12th days after infection.