密度调控对女贞人工林土壤铵态氮和硝态氮季节变化的影响

以江苏扬州市江都区7年生女贞人工林为对象,研究密度调控对其土壤铵态氮（NH4＋-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）含量剖面分布特征及季节变化的影响。结果表明：不同调控密度下女贞人工林土壤NH4＋-N和NO3--N含量均随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,且表现出明显的季节变化;3种密度调控下土壤NH4＋-N 含量均是秋冬两季较高,春季最低,夏季又有明显回升,且3种密度中的2275株/hm2下NH4＋-N含量在4个季节均高于另外2种密度;土壤NO3--N 季节变化与NH4＋-N大体一致,在春季含量最低,但不同密度间变化趋势差异较大;土温、含水量及有机质均与土壤NH4＋-N和NO3--N含量存在显著的相关关系（p＜0.05）,且在夏季均达到极显著相关（p＜0.01）。     

应用型本科院校在吉林省产学研协同创新中的作用

在振兴吉林老工业基地和实行长吉图开发开放先导战略的背景下,吉林省加强了建设高等教育强省的步伐,而产学研协同创新的发展可以有效推进“高教强省”战略的实施.本文以吉林农业科技学院为例,研究应用型本科院校在产学研协同创新中的作用,以期为“高教强省”提供合理化建议.     

覆盖和粮草间作对作物氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

为了减少普通地膜和氮肥的投入,实现该地区农业生态良性循环和土壤的可持续利用,在甘肃武威试验站采用完全随机裂区设计,研究了不同种植模式（玉米单作、玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆）和覆盖方式（普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖）对玉米和绿肥作物氮素吸收以及土壤硝态氮累积的影响。结果表明：覆盖和间作对作物的氮素吸收利用具有显著促进作用。玉米收获期,与无覆盖相比,普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的玉米植株吸氮量分别增加21.46%,11.22%和34.63%,与玉米单作相比,玉米//毛苕子和玉米//箭筈豌豆的玉米吸氮量分别增加6.94%和6.26%。玉米收获期,秸秆覆盖的牧草植株吸氮量较普通地膜覆盖、生物可降解地膜覆盖和无覆盖分别增加46.75%,72.31%和21.76%,间作毛苕子的吸氮量较间作箭筈豌豆增加25.26%。玉米收获期,各处理玉米带、牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量均低于牧草收获期,无论牧草收获期还是玉米收获期,单作玉米的玉米带、裸露带土壤硝态氮累积量均低于间作玉米。玉米收获期,普通地膜覆盖和生物可降解地膜覆盖的玉米带0~140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较无覆盖分别显著增加32.87%和27.82%,普通地膜覆盖的牧草（裸露）带0～140cm土壤硝态氮累积量较生物可降解地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和无覆盖分别增加9.17%、6.07%和35.45%。     

凤眼莲对重金属的吸收与其喂鱼后二次富集状况的初步研究

通过苏州东郊城河试验：凤眼莲对城河污水及其重金属具有很强的吸收积累和净化能力。经凤眼莲净化后，其污水中酚浓度从0．005～0．023毫克/升降到检不出来，总氮从5．330毫克／升降至2．330毫克／升，总磷从0．840毫克／升降至0．183毫克/升，COD从54．8毫克／升降至29．36毫克/升，水质透明度也有很大改善，从36．7厘米提高到90厘米左右。对重金属铜从0．57ppb降至0．32ppb，Pb0．14ppb降至0．06ppb，锌65．6ppb降至23．6ppb，镉0．14ppb降至O．03ppb等，从而使河水达到了渔业用水标准。根据实验结果，凤眼莲喂鱼后鱼类对重金属没有明显的二次富集现象，在鱼肉中重金属含量均在食品卫生标准(汞0．3毫克/公斤，铅2毫克/公斤、砷1毫克／公斤)以下。     

Chronic alcohol intake-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contri-butes to hepatic fibrogenesis in mice

AIM：To evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the histopathological changes of the liver and to determine the contribution of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to hepatic fibrogenesis. METHODS：Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as following: the mice in control group was given (ig) water; the mice in low-dose alcohol group (2.0 g·kg -1·d -1) and high-dose alcohol group (4.0 g·kg -1·d -1) were given (ig) alcohol for 5 months. Alcohol-induced histopathological changes of the liver or development of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated using the histological methods with HE and Masson trichrome staining. The apoptosis of the liver was detected by TUNEL fluorometric staining (counterstained with DAPI). The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured by an automated biochemical analyzer. The expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin in the hepatic tissues was detected by immunofluorescence examination. The protein levels of E-cadherin, α-SMA, FSP-1, transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS：Compared with control, the activity of serum ALT and AST, and apoptotic index of liver tissues were increased in the mice treated with alcohol for 5 months. The histopathological changes of the livers in the mice of low-dose alcohol group included steatosis and mild liver fibrosis, while severe liver fibrosis was observed in the high-dose alcohol-treated mice. Chronic alcohol consumption induced the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and the decreases in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the livers. It also reduced E-cadherin expression and increased α-SMA expression. FSP-1 immunostaining and albumn immunostaining positive cells were co-localized in the hepatocytes of low-dose alcohol group, but only FSP-1 positive hepatocytes were observed in high-dose alcohol group. Chronic alcohol consumption decreased E-cadherin expression and increased α-SMA, FSP-1, TGF-β 1 and HIF-1α expression in a dose-dependent manner, but the HIF-1α expression was not altered between the 2 alcohol-treated groups. CONCLUSION：Chronic alcohol intake induces the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Some fibroblasts derive from hepatocytes in liver fibrosis via EMT. The underlying mechanism is associated with the changes of the redox state, and increased TGF-β 1 generation and HIF-1α expression.