加热光纤法同步测定土壤水热参数误差分析

土壤水热参数是研究土壤水热传输的基本物理参数。当前热脉冲探针法（HPP）可同步测定土壤水热参数,但该方法仅限于在点尺度下测定。与其具有相同理论基础的加热光纤法（SPHP-DTS）,可将测定尺度增大至田间千米尺度,但其测定精度尚未得到有效验证。为了探知SPHP-DTS法的误差,本研究进行了SPHP-DTS法与HPP法测定土壤水热参数的对比试验。结果表明,以HPP为标准,加热光纤法测定热导率的精度RMSE为0.13 W?m-1?℃-1。SPHP-DTS法测定的热导率显著高于HPP法,主要原因在于加热光纤时产生的温度效应。通过热导率法测定土壤含水率时,在热导率测定误差的影响下,SPHP-DTS法的测定精度明显低于HPP法。SPHP-DTS法测定土壤水热参数的其他误差来源包括光纤与土壤之间多个界面的接触热阻、光纤的温度敏感性、噪音干扰以及温度梯度驱动下的水分迁移。本研究可为SPHP-DTS法提升土壤水热参数测定精度提供理论参考。     

A method to test wheat leaves for their reactions to inoculation with Septoria species

The construction and application is described of a polystyrol humidity box in which wheat leaves, while continuing to function as parts of living plants, can be tested for their reactions toSeptoria spp. in an atmosphere nearly saturated with water, as is required for successful infection. The method is simple, accurate ans inexpensive.Samenvatting Voor dit doel is een z.g. vochtdoos geconstrueerd (Fig. 1A). Het te toetsen blad wordt daar doorheen geleid en in de doos geïnoculeerd met een druppel conidiën-suspensie van de schimmel. Onder het blad staat wat water in de doos (Fig. 1B). Na afsluiting ontstaat in de doos de hoge luchtvochtigheid van bijna 100% die nodig is voor de infectie. Dit wordt op deze wijze eenvoudig en goedkoop gerealiseerd. De bladeren die zo worden getoetst blijven onbeschadigd functioneren aan de plant. Na enkele dagen kan de doos worden geopend en kan de symptoom-ontwikkeling worden afgewacht en gevolgd (Fig. 3A, 3B en 4). De methode leent zich voor nauwkeurig werk en vereist zeer weinig infectiemateriaal. De Technische en Fysische Dienst voor de Landbouw (TFDL), Wageningen, ontwierp en construeerde een statief voor het gebruik van de vochtdozen in serie (Fig. 2).     

The effect of some Frescon analogs on the aquatic snail,Lymnaea stagnalis: II. Correlation of neurotoxicity to Molluscicidal effectiveness

Although the molluscicide Frescon is a strong neurotoxin to the Lymnaea stagnalis central nervous system in vitro, it is probable that the exposure of the whole animal to this molluscicide fails to result in central nervous system abnormalities: Frescon does not appear to reach the brain in sufficient quantity to disrupt its normal activity. However, only those Frescon analogs found to be neurotoxic were molluscicidal, suggesting some related mode, if not site, of action. Frescon and its analogs may act by affecting excitable tissues other than the nervous system (e.g., the snail musculature) by altering certain functional and/or structural membrane properties.     

毛花雀稗混播草地建植技术初探

试验探讨了建植毛花雀稗混播草地的最佳草种组合和播种量,结果表明,毛花雀稗(30cm×30cm≈7000株)+黑麦草(每667m2为0.5kg)+白三叶(每667m2为0.15kg)在独山气候条件下的生产性能显著高于其他组合。     

乌梁素海生态恢复机理与工程技术的研究

在我国干旱区典型草型湖泊—乌梁素海设立试验基地 ,进行生态恢复工程试验研究。研究表明 :乌梁素海受富营养化影响 ,正在向芦苇沼泽—碱蓬盐化草甸—白刺荒漠方向演化。生态恢复机理是 :( 1 )减少大型水生植物有机氮、磷向底质的沉降 ,削弱内源性营养物负荷的积累与储备 ;( 2 )减少大型水生植物死亡后矿化成氨态氮 ;( 3)控制底质中有机氮向水体释放生成氨态氮。采用机械化方式收割大型水生植物转移营养盐 ,抑制生物促淤效应以及对芦苇区进行园田化生态管理是乌梁素海生态恢复的关键技术 ,也是乌梁素海环境与资源持续发展的核心问题     

羊肚菌研究进展

综述了近年来羊肚菌营养成分、有效成分，培养技术，以及细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等方面的研究进展。     

梨自交不亲和强度不同品种花柱S糖蛋白含量的差异

 提取梨( Pyrus) 自交不亲和强度不同品种花柱可溶性蛋白质, 应用等电聚焦电泳法在凝胶板上分离出S 糖蛋白, 用图像解析法进行定量。结果表明, 花柱总S 糖蛋白含量因品种而异, 自交不亲和强、弱及自交亲和的品种每1 􀀁g 花柱可溶性蛋白中含总S 糖蛋白分别为􀀂1. 3 ng 、0. 7 ~ 0. 9 ng、 0. 7 ng 。不同的S 基因所表达的S 糖蛋白量差异显著, 即使是同一S 基因所对应的S 糖蛋白量也因品种而异。     

两种复合肥在叶菜类蔬菜上的应用效果比较

在山东省莱阳和寿光两地露地及保护地生长的芹菜和大白菜上进行新型复合肥 2 1 8 11S肥效研究 ,同时与市场上较为流行的 15 15 15S复合肥进行比较。结果表明 ,2 1 8 11S复合肥比 15 15 15S复合肥在增加产量、提高品质方面效果更好。 2 1 8 11S复合肥最佳用量大白菜为 14 14～ 170 0kg·hm-2 ,芹菜为 2 0 6 2～ 2 4 78kg·hm-2 。     

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in Lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in Tomato and Melon, and AG 4 HG-III in Broccoli and Spinach, in Brazil

Fungi isolated in Brazil, from lettuce, broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato, were identified as Rhizoctonia solani. All lettuce isolates anastomosed with both AG 1-IA and IB subgroups and all isolates from broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato anastomosed with AG 4 subgroup HG-I, as well as with subgroups HG-II and HG-III. DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers showed that isolates from lettuce were AG 1-IB, isolates from tomato and melon were AG 4 HG-I, and isolates from broccoli and spinach were AG 4 HG-III. The tomato isolates caused stem rot symptoms, the spinach, broccoli and melon isolates caused hypocotyl and root rot symptoms on the respective host plants and the lettuce isolates caused bottom rot. This is the first report on the occurrence in Brazil of R. solani AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, of AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach and of AG 1-IB in lettuce.     

落叶果树氮素营养研究进展

氮素作为养分与信号对果树的生长发育及产量品质的形成有重要影响。近年来有关果树的施氮效应、需氮特性、诊断技术、精准施氮技术的研究取得了许多进展,在保证果树优质丰产的前提下,为降低氮肥施用量,提高氮肥利用率,减少环境污染提供了施氮的原理与技术。