Effects of dietary arginine and lysine levels on growth performance and biochemical parameters of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of disproportionate levels of dietary arginine and lysine on juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , growth performance and biochemical parameters were evaluated by feeding five test diets, comprising different levels of arginine and lysine, to triplicate groups of juveniles (initial bodyweight 1.85 g) for 40 days. Crystalline amino acids were supplemented to test diets to correspond to the amino acid pattern found in the whole body protein of the Japanese flounder, except for arginine and lysine. After the feeding trials, plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia-N, and liver arginase activity were analysed. Survival, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and apparent protein retention were adversely affected ( P  <   0.05) by the deficiency in dietary arginine or lysine concentrations. An excess of either lysine or arginine in the diet did not depress growth when the diets contained adequate levels of either arginine or lysine, proving that there is no evidence for an arginine–lysine antagonism. Results for plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia, and liver arginase activity also demonstrated that Japanese flounder juveniles are not sensitive to excess dietary levels of lysine and arginine.     

饲粮赖氨酸水平对1～21日龄狮头鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及蛋白沉积的影响

【目的】主要研究不同赖氨酸水平的饲粮对1~21日龄狮头鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及蛋白沉积的影响.【方法】选用828只1日龄的健康狮头鹅,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复23只.对照组赖氨酸添加水平(w)为0.75%,各处理组赖氨酸水平分别为0.90%、1.05%、1.20%、1.35%、1.50%.试验期21 d.【结果和结论】1)随赖氨酸水平升高,1.05%~1.50%处理组的狮头鹅21日龄的平均日增质量显著高于对照组和0.90%组(P0.05);赖氨酸1.05%~1.50%处理组耗料增质量比均显著低于对照组和0.90%组(P0.05).2)对狮头鹅血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白的影响趋势相近,均在1.20%组达到最高,并显著高于0.90%、1.05%和1.35%组.血清尿酸和三酰甘油的浓度均在1.05%组最低,但各组之间差异不显著.血清碱性磷酸酶浓度在1.20%组达到最大值,显著高于1.05%、1.35%和1.50%组(P0.05).血清生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子1质量浓度各组间差异不显著.3)狮头鹅蛋白绝对沉积、相对沉积随饲粮赖氨酸水平的升高而升高,并且在赖氨酸为1.20%时达到较好的效果.研究表明,饲粮中添加赖氨酸可以有效地提高狮头鹅的生长性能,1~21日龄狮头鹅饲粮赖氨酸适宜水平为1.05%.     

Application of Protein Feed Processed by Microbial Fermentation to Dairy Cow

Methionine(Met)and lysine(Lys)have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids(AA)for maximum milk yield and milk protein production.Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment.This observation utilized fermented soybean meal(SBM),cottonseed meal(CSM),rapeseed meal(RSM)and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow.The results showed that the milk production,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group(P<0.01),the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield,milk protein and milk fat content.The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed,the group of 0.5%was the best compared with the other groups.     

Top-spraying soybean meal-based diets with phytase improves protein and mineral digestibilities but not lysine utilization in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Two digestibility trials and two growth trials were carried out to evaluate the influence of top‐sprayed phytase on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein and mineral and utilization in rainbow trout fed with soybean meal‐based diets. In Trial 1, a semi‐purified diet containing 50% soybean meal was supplemented with graded levels of phytase (0, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 U kg^?1 diet), and fed to triplicate groups of fish. In Trial 2, commercial‐type extruded feeds containing 36% soybean meal with either 0 or 2000 U phytase kg^?1 were fed to five replicate groups of fish. Phytase clearly decreased phytic acid content of feces from 35 to 5 mg and from 34 to 14 mg phytic acid per g faecal dry matter in Trials 1 and 2 respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficient of P improved from 23% to 83% in Trial 1 and from 35% to 54% in Trial 2 by phytase. Apparent protein increased by 1.2% and 3.2%‐units by phytase in Trials 1 and 2. Zinc digestibility was significantly increased in Trial 1, but not in Trial 2. Trials 3 and 4 were conducted to evaluate the influence of phytase on dietary P (Trial 3) and lysine (Trial 4) utilization. Three diets were prepared for each trial: P (Trial 3)‐ or lysine (Trial 4)‐deficient basal diets, basal diets with phytase supplementation (2000 U kg^?1) and P (Trial 3)‐ or lysine (Trial 4)‐fortified diets. Rainbow trout (initial weight 20 g) were fed for 10 weeks using four and six replicates for Trials 3 and 4 respectively. Phytase increased P utilization in Trial 3 as demonstrated by an increase in vertebra ash from 24.1% to 45.4%, and by an increase in weight gain from 243% to 459% of the initial weight. Phytase did not increase lysine utilization, since neither protein retention nor weight gain were enhanced by phytase. Supplemental lysine increased protein retention and weight gain to 43.1% and 514%, respectively, and also decreased whole‐body lipid contents significantly from 120 to 123 g kg^?1 in fish fed the basal diet and phytase‐supplemented diet to 106 g kg^?1 in fish fed with lysine‐fortified diet.     

Effects of Dietary Lysine on Growth Performance,Serum Concentrations of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA Expression in Growing Rabbits

The effects of dietary lysine on production performance,serum concentrations of metabolites,growth hormone （GH）,insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I） and IGF-I mRNA expression in growing rabbits were examined.One hundred weaned New Zealand rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly offered a diet containing 5.5 （L1）,6.5 （L2）,7.5 （L3）,8.5 （L4）,or 9.5 g （L5） lysine per kg diet.The results showed that the average daily gain （ADG） of the rabbits from L3,L4 or L5 was higher than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.The feed gain ratio （F/G） in the rabbits from L4 or L5 was lower than those from L1 or L2 （P 〈 0.05）.Dietary lysine did not affect serum concentrations of total protein （TP）,glucose,insulin （INS）,and growth hormone （GH） （P 〉 0.05）.The quadratic effects of lysine on the serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentration was detected （P = 0.035）.Serum IGF-I concentrations had a trend to increase quadratically with the increasing dietary lysine （P = 0.07）.A significant correlation was found between serum IGF-I concentrations （x,ng mL-1） and ADG （y,g kg-1）： y = -0.017x2 ＋ 1.984x ＋ 20.87 （R2 = 0.8982,P = 0.003）.The relative abundance of hepatic and muscular IGF-I mRNA tended to increase with increasing dietary lysine levels （P = 0.053 and 0.082,respectively）.Providing the diets mainly consisted of corn,wheat bran and peanut vine,the most appropriate dietary lysine level for growing meat rabbits from weaning to 70 d old was found to be 8.5 g kg-1,and IGF-I may be an important factor controlling growth of weaned rabbits.     

ε-聚赖氨酸复合物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌抑制作用研究

为了研究ε-聚赖氨酸对食品中常见G-菌的复合抑制效果,采用圆滤纸片法对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:ε-聚赖氨酸对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌均能起到抑菌作用,随着ε-聚赖氨酸浓度的增大抑菌效果逐渐增强。不同浓度的ε-聚赖氨酸与0.1%双乙酸钠复合时抑菌圈虽然都有所增大,但协同增效作用不十分显著,而与0.2%曲酸复合试剂协同抑菌作用更为显著。     

小麦高产、优质综合农艺措施数学模型的研究

采用三因素五水平二次旋转回归设计测得的参数建立了豫麦二号、新乡5809以产量、蛋白质、赖氨酸含量为目标函数的数学模型,通过模拟仿真,筛选出两品种高产、优质的综合农艺组合措施,并对试验因子的主效应及互作效应进行了剖析。根据产量模型求出了诸因子经济最佳投入量方案。     

杜洛克生长猪理想氨基酸平衡的研究

通过对４８头杜洛克生长猪的饲养试验及６头阉公猪的代谢试验，探讨了１７％，１５％两种蛋白水平及０．８％、０．９５％和１．０５％三种赖氨酸水平的６种饲粮对杜洛克生长猪日增重、氮沉积和能量代谢的影响。结果表明，两种蛋白水平对增重影响差异不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），高蛋白时，以１．０５％的赖氨酸、赖蛋比６．２饲粮获得最好的增重和饲料利用率；低蛋白时，以０．９５％赖氨酸、赖蛋比６．３增重最好。尿Ｎ与日食Ｎ量呈极显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）；６组饲粮Ｎ沉积量差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；但低蛋白饲粮的Ｎ沉积率和ＭＥ／ＤＥ值显著高于高蛋白饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）。