杂交茶香月季演化与遗传背景分析

通过文献收集、整理,融合最新研究成果,以时间为轴,大量分析包括图象资料在内的中外文献材料,明确了杂交茶香月季演化历程,解析其遗传背景,为杂交茶香月季育种提供参考。绘制了更为详细的杂交茶香月季历史演化图,通过对比发现切花月季最主要花型"中高型或高芯型"品种特性可能源自于中国古老月季资源月月粉,总结出杂交茶香月季的遗传背景。杂交茶香月季遗传背景较为复杂,主要来源于中国的Rosa chinensis(月月红、月月粉)、R.ordorata(淡黄香水月季、彩晕香水月季)、巨花蔷薇(R.gigantea)以及欧洲的法国蔷薇、大马士革蔷薇、麝香革蔷薇、异味蔷薇等9个原种及其变种,甚至包括一些人为的外源基因。     

月季切花采后花瓣内肽酶活性的变化

 以切花月季耐失水胁迫品种‘萨蔓莎’和中度耐失水胁迫品种‘贝拉米’为试材，研究了采后开花衰老进程中可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量及内肽酶活性和种类的变化。结果表明，两品种可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量及内肽酶活性在开花衰老进程中的变化趋势基本一致，但是在量上差异非常明显。可溶性蛋白质含量‘萨蔓莎’低于‘贝拉米’；pH6时，内肽酶活性‘萨蔓莎’低于‘贝拉米’，pH10时相反。两品种花瓣中都存在巯基蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白酶。切花月季的失水胁迫耐性可能与其内肽酶活性有关。     

枸杞·玫瑰花保健饮料的研制

以枸杞为原料,玫瑰花液为辅料,研究其提取和浸提工艺,探讨了玫瑰花液的稳定性,并通过正交试验确定了红景天保健饮料的最佳配方,研制出一种色泽鲜艳、风味独特、营养价值高、组织状态好的保健饮料。     

Light acclimation in rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Grand Gala) leaves after pruning: Effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence,nitrate reductase,ammonium and carbohydrates

Changes in light intensity have a particular effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Most of the studies on light acclimation in higher plants have focused on the effects of fixed light intensity. Few works deal on sudden changes in light intensity due to pruning for long periods of time. Pruning the bent shoots in roses (cv. Grand Gala) can modify the light interception in internal leaves and change their photosynthetic reactions. Before pruning, internal leaves were acclimated to low light intensity and after pruning, internal and external leaves received the same light intensity. The aim of this work was to find out how the photosynthetic light reaction, measured by chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence in internal and external leaves of arched shoot could be modulated by light changes. Other parameters described as light dependent were also measured: nitrate reductase (NR) activity, NH₄⁺, sucrose and starch levels. Internal and external leaves in rose have shown a high plasticity, rapid and dynamical acclimation, in response to changes in incident sunlight produced by pruning, that can be explained by Chl a fluorescence parameters. The modified NR activity, NH₄⁺, sucrose and starch levels were difficult to associated with light intensity changes, and their modulation could be the response to long-time light acclimation.     

谷胱甘肽提高月季切花失水胁迫耐性与GR活性的关系

 本研究确定了切花月季‘Samantha’预处理采用的谷胱甘肽(GSH) 及其生物合成抑制剂丁胱亚磺酰胺〔L-buthione (S, R) sulfoximine, BSO〕适宜浓度, 探讨了GSH和BSO预处理对花朵水势、花瓣中MDA含量、GSH含量以及GR活性等的影响。结果表明: 与失水胁迫对照处理相比较, 2 mmol/L GSH预处理明显提高了月季切花瓶插期间花朵水势, 显著降低了花瓣中MDA含量, 有效提高了花瓣中GSH含量和GR活性。2 mmol/L BSO预处理获得了理想的反证结果。结果说明, GSH对切花月季‘Samantha’失水胁迫耐性的改善与花瓣中GR活性的提高相联系。     

3种保鲜剂对月季萨蔓莎的保鲜生理效应

以月季萨蔓莎(Rosehybridacv.Samantha)为材料,用3种保鲜剂,即:蔗糖、8-羟基喹啉、柠檬酸质量分数分别为2.0%、6×10-4、1×10-4的水溶液,Ca(NO3)2、8-羟基喹啉、柠檬酸质量分数分别为0.05%、2×10-4、1×10-4的水溶液及KNO3、8-羟基喹啉、柠檬酸质量分数分别为0.05%、4×10-4、1.2×10-4的水溶液分别对萨蔓莎切花花枝进行保鲜处理,旨在研究不同保鲜剂对月季萨蔓莎的作用效果及生理效应。结果表明:3种保鲜剂均可提高月季切花花枝的含水量,增加花枝鲜重,使体内细胞相对膜透性减小,可溶性蛋白含量增加,丙二醛含量减少,超氧阴离子自由基生成速率变小、含量降低,保护酶活性增强,从而延缓了切花的衰老,延长了月季切花的寿命,提高了切花的观赏品质;其中,以含蔗糖的保鲜效果最好。      

金樱子的组织培养与快速繁殖

以金樱子当年生幼嫩带芽茎段为外植体,建立了从启动培养、丛生芽的诱导和增殖、生根、壮苗、炼苗到移栽技术体系,可用于人工培育金樱子种苗。     

New technique for rose production in soilless culture system and disease reduction

Rose flower is one of the most important cut flowers, with the world's highest production rate. Soilless culture has been increasingly popular in plant production worldwide in the past few decades. In two separate trials, the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Anearobacillus migululanas, slow filtration, and UV ultraviolet (UV) treatment and sand filtration in eliminating Fusarium oxyporum, artificially added in the recirculating nutrient solution, was evaluated with Rosea hybrid plants grown in closed soilless systems. The dynamics of these fungi in the recirculating nutrient solution and in the sand filter was also investigated. T. harzianum, A. migululanas, UV treatment and slow sand filtration were effective in reducing Fusarium root rot. However, slow sand filtration may be a more feasible disinfection method than UV because of lower costs of installation and maintenance and for its adaptability to a wide range of production systems. Moreover, these disinfection techniques can be successfully combined with the application of antagonistic microorganisms.     

月季栽培技术及园林应用

阐述了园林应用和生活中常见的植物材料月季的特性、栽培技术及其在园林中的应用。     

月季白粉病药剂防治

室内药效测定和大田药效试验结果表明：防治月季白粉病效果最好的药剂是质量浓度为50％的代森锰锌600倍液或50％硫悬浮剂500倍液，其防效均达100％；防治月季白粉病较好的药剂及质量浓度是高脂膜50倍液，50％退菌特800倍液及500倍液，50％硫悬浮剂800倍液，50％代森锰锌800倍液，15％粉锈宁1500倍液、50％我菌灵800倍液，其防效达83．2％－93．1％。