强化灌草造林模式促进后续产业发展--对山西省偏关县林业发展的调查

通过对山西省偏关县退耕还林、加快后续产业发展主要做法的调查。认为柠条先行、灌草结合、兴林促牧是一条改善生态、发展经济、农民增益、实现“三嬴”之路。推进灌草结合造林模式,不仅缓解了林牧矛盾,巩固了退耕还林成果,也为加快农村产业结构调整、推动农民在退耕还林后发展商品型畜牧业创造了有利条件。     

浅谈绿色设计

从绿色设计产生的背景、绿色设计及绿色产品的基本概念、绿色设计研究的主要内容、绿色设计方法和程序几方面来阐述绿色设计。     

农区林业实践对我国退耕还林工程的启示

相对于我国退耕还林工程,农区林业的优势在于:经营模式多样,农民经营风险低,行为自主性较强,为农村剩余劳动力(特别是妇女)提供更多就业机会,政府干预较少。我国退耕还林工程应该学习农区林业的成功经验,从政策上做出调整,建立促使农民积极参与的激励机制,并减少政府的直接干预,以降低政策成本。     

南瓜茶饮料不同风味加工技术研究

研究了以南瓜为原料，经热水2次浸提（1kg南瓜：4000ml水）所得南瓜母液，每100ml母液添加14g白沙糖、0.18g柠檬酸的甜酸型南瓜茶饮料和每100ml母液添加14g白砂糖、0.2g柠檬酸、0.09g食用盐配方而成的复合风味南瓜茶饮料的生产技术。     

Biodiversity policies in commercial boreal forests: Optimal design of subsidy and tax combinations

This paper examines the first-best instruments for biodiversity maintenance in commercial boreal forests when landowners behave either in Faustmannian or Hartmanian way. Using an extended Hartman model, we show that biodiversity conservation requires both prolonged rotation age and leaving retention trees. While the former promotes some old growth species, the latter create new structural elements of decaying and dead wood, which can sustain a variety of saprolyxic species. A fully synchronized combination of retention tree subsidy and tax instrument is needed both to lengthen the privately optimal rotation period and to provide an incentive to leave retention trees. Using Finnish data we illustrate empirically the sizes of instruments. When combined with a harvest tax, the retention tree subsidy is 1000 and 750 € in the Faustmann and in the Hartman model, respectively. When used with a timber subsidy or a site value tax, the retention tree subsidy is 1700 €/ha in both models. The harvest tax rate varies over the range 40–65% in the Faustmann model and 20–40% in the Hartman model, while timber subsidy is between 0.5–1.0% and site value tax is about 1.75%.     

日本龟蜡蚧在枣树上的发生与危害

１９９６年８月￣１９９７年６月，在陕西大荔县八鱼乡西营村和蒲支县平路庙乡直杜村调查了日本龟蜡蚧在枣树上的分布与危害。结果表明，单叶幼虫数随枣树受害程度的增加而增加，单果重随枣树爱害程度的增加而减少，越冬雌虫的危害造成每股的抽吊数减少，吊长显著变短，每吊的刺树数减少，幼虫和雌成虫在树冠上的分布是阳面（南面）大于阴面（北面），其中树冠中部虫量分布的最多。     

我国人造板工业发展趋势预测与原料创新研究

围绕我国木材资源短缺和人造板工业高速发展的现状，阐述我国人造板原材料演变的历程。农作物秸秆作为绿色原料，在河南、山东、江苏、黑龙江等省份储量丰富。本文从工艺、成本、环保等角度，分析其作为人造板原料所具有的优势，并讨论了21世纪中国秸秆人造板工业的发展前景。     

Organic Matter Added to Bareroot Nursery Beds Influences Soil Properties and Morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra Seedlings

Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings (Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha⁻¹ (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m³ ha⁻¹. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl). Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak, but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties.     

城市大环境绿地的类型、数量与分布(英文)

城市大环境绿地在维持城市物质与生态环境方面的作用随着城市扩展而日趋重要。良好 的大环境绿地规划可以使城市形成较为健全的绿色空间系统。本文对城市大环境绿地的七种 类型进行了初步划分，着重讨论了大环境绿地规划中的数量问题和规划布局的基本原则。     

家具产业的发展与绿色思维

以全球性可持续发展的战略思想为背景，就与家具产业发展相关的绿色产品设计与开发、生态工艺的应用，以及绿色消费观等进行了探讨，提出了可持续发展的产品开发方向，工艺技术路线，以及家具消费文化等新观念。