水稻谷粒的挤压力学性能研究

水稻谷粒的损伤与破碎除与其所受内、外力的作用有关,还与其本身的力学性能有关。通过对水稻谷粒的挤压力学试验,测得了其力-位移曲线,分析了水稻谷粒的挤压破碎过程。破坏力和破坏能是水稻谷粒力学特性的两个重要指标。试验研究了稻谷的品种、成熟程度、后熟作用和谷壳对水稻谷粒力学性能的影响。比较了有壳、无壳谷粒的破坏力与破坏能,分析了谷壳对谷粒力-位移曲线及刚度的影响。指出谷壳在降低谷粒收获、加工、储运中的损伤程度具有重要作用。     

基于计算机视觉的大米外观品质检测

开发了一套基于计算机视觉技术的稻谷品质检测系统，采用灰度变换、自动阈值分割、区域标记等方法从采集的稻米群体图像中提取单体米粒图像，对单体米粒的裂纹、垩白特征进行了统计和检测方法研究。提取了米粒的面积、周长等10个特征参数作为整精米检测特征，并进行了主成分分析，确定了判别整精米的优化阈值。检测试验结果表明：裂纹米粒识别的准确率为96．41％；垩白米粒识别的准确率为94．79％；整精米识别的准确率为96.20%。     

超级稻联合收获机具的探讨

每公顷产量10500kg超级杂交稻已经问世．超级杂交稻与现有水稻的特性差别很大，现有推广使用的联合收割机都不适应超级稻的收获，且穗头上方有大量直立叶片．半喂人机型根本无法适应，因此有必要尽早研究开发新型的联合收割机．以适应即将大面积推广的超级稻的收获。     

Mechanism of Fuzilizhong decoction alleviating inflammatory damage of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM To observe the effect of Fuzilizhong decoction on the inflammatory damage of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： control group, model group, high dose （20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, middle dose （10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）, low dose （5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） Fuzilizhong decoction group and Yishanfu （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）group, 8 rats in each group. A NAFLD rat modelwas established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks. Then the drug was given for 4 weeks in each treatment group. HE staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes of the rat liver.The serum levels of interleukin-2（IL-2）, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） were measured by ELISA. The expression of toll like receptor 4（TLR4） and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Western bolt,respectively. RESULTS Compared with control group, the inflammatory damage of liver tissue was more serious, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly increased in model group（P<0.05）. However, compared with model group, the liver pathological changes in each treatment group were significantly relieved, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in liver tissues were significantly reduced（P<0.05）.In addition, the changes of TLR4 and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels in liver tissue were consistent with the changes of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. CONCLUSION Fuzilizhong decoction attenuates the inflammatory damages of NAFLD in rats by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.     

p300/p53/Smad3 pathway involved in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the role of p300 in aging-related atrial fibrosis in human atrial fibroblasts （HAFs） and its potential mechanism. METHODS HAFs were obtained from human left atrial tissue, and the senescence model was established by cell passage. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-Gal） staining was used to detect the cell senescence, and Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of p300, p53, Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins in HAFs. RESULTS Compared to passage 3 HAFs, the proportion of senescent cells, and the protein levels of p300, p53, p-Smad3 and other senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were increased in HAFs at passage 7 and 11 （P<0.05）. After treated with curcumin （a p300 inhibitor） or transfection with p300 small-hairpin （sh） RNA plasmid, the protein levels of p300, and the senescence and fibrosis associated proteins were decreased in HAFs at passage 7（P<0.05）. Up-regulation of p300 by transfection with p300 over-expression plasmid increased the protein levels of p53, Smad3 and MMP-2 in HAFs at passage 3 （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION p300/p53/Smad3 signaling pathway plays an important role in aging-related atrial fibrosis in HAFs.     

Effects of naringenin on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM To observe the effect of naringenin on cardiac injury in ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） rats, and to explore whether the role of naringenin is involved in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways. METHODS SD rats （n=48） were randomly divided into sham operation （sham） group, model （I/R） group, naringenin treatment （NAR） group and naringenin+LY294002 （NL） group. Myocardial I/R injury model was prepared by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery of rats for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I （cTnI） was measured by ELISA. HE staining, TTC staining and TUNEL staining were used to detect the myocardial histopathological changes, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate. The mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related indicators glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP） and caspase-12 were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-12, p-PI3K and p-AKT were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, the serum content of cTnI, myocardial pathological damage, myocardial infarction area and myocardial cell apoptotic rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased （P<0.05）, and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT were increased in NAR group （P<0.05）. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of naringenin to some extent. CONCLUSION Naringenin reduces myocardial I/R injury in rats possibly by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and subsequently regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related apoptotic pathways.     

温度对不同育成地水稻品种的生长及其物质生产的影响

以原产温带的日本晴三粳稻品种和原产热带的IR8两籼稻品种为材料,观察了16—30℃恒温对其生长和物质生产的影响。结果:在试验温度范围内,各个品种的植株均随温度升高而增高;但两类品种的株高感温指数有差异,IR8两品种的较低,日本晴三品种的较高。IR8两品种在30℃下分蘖数最大,日本晴三品种则是在25℃下,较有利于它们的分蘖。IR8两品种的CGR和NAR,以30℃下最大,日本晴三品种则以25℃下的最大,干物质生产量亦呈此趋势。所有供试品种都是在25℃下出叶最少,出叶间隔天数则以在20℃下为最快。     

推广水稻机械化插秧现状及对策的研究——以武汉市新洲区为例

阐述了武汉市新洲区推广水稻机械化插秧的重要意义、现状、存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的建议。