Changing allele frequencies associated with specific resistance genes to leaf blast in backcross introgression lines of Khao Dawk Mali 105 developed from a conventional selection program

Key genomic regions associated with blast resistance against a broad spectrum of isolates could be identified in backcross introgression lines developed by conventional breeding program. In this article, eighty three BC₃F₂ backcross introgression lines (BILs) derived from a cross between IR68835-98-2-B-2-1-1 (a broad spectrum blast resistance variety) and KDML105 (a susceptible variety) were developed by phenotypic selection against a mixture of six virulent blast isolates (MXL) that are widely spread out in the rainfed lowland of the North and Northeast of Thailand. The resistance spectrum of the BILs was assessed by inoculating with 12 different Magnaporthe oryzae isolates that showed differential responses on the parental cultivars and the MXL that was used for phenotypic selection. All BILs showed highly resistant reactions (low disease score) to the MXL and to two blast isolates THL48 and THL149. Four markers, i.e., RM246, RM241, RM303 and RM164 completely favoring the IR68835 allele (shifting of allele frequencies from KDML105 to IR68835) were identified on chromosomes 1, 4 and 5, respectively. Therefore, these markers could be linked to the resistance genes functioning against the MXL, THL48 and THL149. Furthermore, significant shifting of alleles was identified at six markers located on chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 9 and 12. Seven DNA markers linked to specific resistance genes were identified, in which allele from IR68835 at 6 markers, i.e., RM6, RM205, RM211, RM252, RM273 and RM342 reduced disease score (DS), against blast isolates THL16, THL329, THL458, THL831, THL868 and THL96036 while allele from KDML105 at RM208 (Pi-kd on chromosomes 2) reduce DS against THL84, THL191, THL557 and THL1108. In this study, the use of DNA markers enabled the identification of specific resistance genes in the backcross breeding materials developed from routine rice breeding program through the conventional phenotypic selection. In this experiment, the usefulness of breeding materials from conventional breeding program in identifying genes corresponding to the selection was illustrated. Linked markers and their genomic location provide necessary information for further use of marker-assisted selection to improve blast resistance in rice breeding program.     

抗病基因对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的选择作用

为了解育成抗病品种抗性稳定性及胞囊线虫生理小种侵染力的变异,于2005～2008年,应用黑龙江省发生的大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种及已经通过鉴定的抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的品种,哈尔滨小黑豆、灰皮支等8个品种和感病对照品种Lee68为材料,进行抗病基凶对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种选择作用研究.在盆栽条件下,强迫大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的群体在抗病品种上繁殖10代,选用5个标准鉴定大豆胞囊线虫生理小种的鉴别品种,重新鉴定经抗病基因选择后的大豆胞囊线虫的生理小种类型.结果表明:原来为3号生理小种的线虫群体,经在抗病品种抗线虫1号、抗线虫2号、抗线虫3号、抗线虫4号、抗线虫5号上连续选择10代之后,变为6号小种;经在厌皮支黑豆上选择之后变为10号小种;经在Peking上选择之后变为14号小种,经在哈尔滨小黑豆上选择之后变为15号小种.上述鉴定结果说明,原大豆胞囊线虫生理种群体,经过在抗病品种上连续强迫繁殖后,形成新的生理小种,并使原扰病品种变为感染品种,认为在生产上采用轮作方式是保持抗线品种抗性稳定性的有效途径.     

不同抗胞囊线虫4号生理小种组合F_2胞囊附着量差异分析

选择4对均由高抗胞囊线虫4号生理小种抗源和非抗源亲本组成的杂交组合,对其后代胞囊附着量进行差异分析,结果表明,抗源亲本灰布支、应县小黑豆和交城黑豆对胞囊线虫4号生理小种抗性稳定,胞囊附着量在1.08～3.25个之间;非抗源亲本对胞囊线虫的反应有明显差异,这种差异对后代的胞囊附着量和分布有显著影响。4个非抗源亲本中,晋豆19号、晋豆23号、汾豆46号和中作88D09胞囊平均附着量分别为15.36,18.31,17.83,69.50个,F2胞囊平均附着量分别为15.31,35.04,29.93,45.88个,变异系数分别为11.78%,25.23%,22.89%和29.57%,单株胞囊附着量≤5个的比率分别为15.34%,4.62%,7.05%,1.60%。     

水稻白叶枯病数量抗性座位定位及其小种专化性

用水稻白叶枯病3个毒力不同的菲律宾小种P2、P6和P9,对供体Lemont导入到特青背景的178个近等基因导入系群体,进行白叶枯病数量抗性座位(quantitative resistance loci, QRL)定位及其小种专化性研究。供试亲本Lemont感3个小种,特青中感P2和P9,感P6。导入系群体的病斑长度呈连续正态分布。共发现影响病斑长度的10个主效QRL     

昌宁县稻瘟病菌生理小种变化研究

 1991年测定了昌宁县的21个单孢菌株,分别为B₁₃,C₁₃,E₁,E₃,F₁,G₁5群6个小种.与1984年测定结果相比,小种种群有所变化,其优势小种除原有的G₁外,又增加了E₁和E₃两个.同时还测定了昌宁县水稻栽培品种对当地21个单孢菌株的感染百分率,以便客观地评定品种的抗性.     

Enzyme activities in some types of peripheral leukocytes of thoroughbred race horses before and after the races

Glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride (TG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations in plasma and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in some types of peripheral leukocytes were measured in thoroughbred race horses before and after racing. Glucose, FFA, TG and IRI concentrations and enzyme activities did not change significantly in plasma. However, the activities of cytosolic hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), mitochondrial MDH and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly in leukocytes of the horses after the races. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity (ML ratio) in leukocytes decreased significantly after racing, and the ratio may be a useful indicator to evaluate energy metabolism in race horses.     

家蚕谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶的组织分布及发育期变化规律

为明确家蚕谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶(GSTs)的生物学信息,对家蚕不同发育阶段GSTs的变化规律、5龄幼虫主要组织及不同品种间的GSTs活性差异进行了研究。家蚕GSTs在中肠、脂肪体、血淋巴、表皮、头部等组织中都有分布,脂肪体中GSTs活性最高,其次是中肠,头部最低。各发育阶段中,在由一种虫态变为另一种虫态的初始期GSTs活性较高,以后逐渐降低。在幼虫主要组织中GSTs活性5龄第3天最高,以后逐渐下降,至吐丝前达到较低的水平。抗性较强的夏秋蚕品种的GSTs活性高于春用蚕品种,杂交种的GSTs活性高于原种。研究结果提示家蚕GSTs活性与其组织器官的生理功能、品种抵抗性等相关联。     

小麦条锈菌新菌系贵22-9和贵22-14发展趋势与毒性分析

为掌握小麦条锈菌种群动态,于2010-2013年对采自甘肃省9个市(州)主栽和后备小麦品种苗期和成株期的条锈菌进行鉴定。结果表明,新菌系贵22-9与贵22-14逐年增长,变化极为显著,目前已经上升为优势生理小种。2010-2013年4a间,贵22-9的出现频率依次为4.09%、7.51%、11.79%和13.09%;而贵22-14依次为为0、6.97%、3.49%和9.4%,总体上二者均呈急速上升趋势。从毒性上分析,新菌系已经突破贵农、92R系和Moro等主要抗锈性材料。从变化趋势看,贵22-9与贵22-14极可能上升为流行小种。各育种单位应及早更换贵农系抗源材料,避免引起优势小种大流行。     

玉米对小斑病T小种抗性的遗传模型分析

用广义遗传模型方法,研究了玉米对小斑病T小种的抗性遗传特性.结果表明:玉米对小斑病T小种的核抗性主要受加性和显性效应控制,以显性效应为主.3个病害指标之间有极显著的正相关,相关性主要归因于加性效应,病斑数和病级之间还有显著的显性遗传相关.另外,根据遗传效应预测值对供试亲本作了评价。     

5株香蕉枯萎病菌（Foc4）菌株对桂蕉6号的致病力测定

【目的】了解桂蕉6号在广西对不同来源香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种（Foc4）的抗性,并筛选出强致病力菌株,为香蕉新品种抗性鉴定提供备选鉴别菌株。【方法】采用盆栽伤根淋灌法分别将不同来源的Foc4菌株（J-2、SD-2、T-2、W-2、F-2）同期接种于苗期香蕉品种桂蕉6号,并于接种后10、15、20、25和30 d观察植株叶部发病症状,30 d时解剖蕉苗球茎,观察球茎的变化。综合受侵染后桂蕉6号内外部症状,评价不同菌株的致病力。【结果】SD-2、J-2、T-2和W-2菌株对桂蕉6号均具有较强的致病力,其中SD-2和J-2致病力最强,接种10 d后植株叶片边缘开始变黄,15 d植株叶片黄化明显,30 d后植株矮化、弱小,甚至枯死;接种T-2、W-2后20 d,香蕉植株也出现黄化,但植株仍能正常生长;F-2致病力相对较弱,但仍属中等致病力菌株。【结论】桂蕉6号为感病品种,在种植中应加强对枯萎病的防控。在香蕉枯萎病抗病品种选育时,可选用致病力较强的J-2和SD-2作为备选鉴别菌株。