祁连山青海云杉林碳平衡研究

通过林分样地调查,采用收割法测定标准木各器官生物量,并建立生物量相对模型,利用模型和样地及树干解析资料,推算出青海云杉林生物量为203.08 t/hm2,其中乔木层占87.41,下木层占0.61,活地被物层为0.32 t/hm2;并通过生物量各组分碳含量测定推算出青海云杉林贮存CO2 1 219.23 t/hm2,其中土壤贮存占69.61,林分贮存占30.39;年净固定大气CO2 9.85 t/hm2,其中有60.61贮存在林分内,有39.39通过有机体凋落以枯落物及分解残留物等形式贮存在土壤内;森林土壤     

太白山自然保护区巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii Franch)根际土壤中的5种AM真菌

从太白山自然保护区巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii Franch)林木根际土壤中分离出了2属5种AM真菌:1.双网无轴孢囊霉(Acaulospora bireticulata Rothwell Trappe);2.扭形球囊霉(Glomus tortuosum Schenck & Smith);3.根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith;)4.漏斗孢球囊霉[Glomus mosseae(Nicol. Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe];5.苏格兰球     

东祁连山杜鹃灌丛草地灌木种群分布格局研究

对东祁连山杜鹃灌丛草地灌木种群分布格局的研究表明:在海拔高度相对较低的主样区(海拔3080m),陇蜀杜鹃在群落中的竞争能力和适应性受到限制,因而呈现出集聚程度较高的斑块状分布;柳属植物、鬼箭锦鸡儿、金露梅、烈香杜鹃、头花杜鹃和百里香杜鹃均为随机分布。随海拔高度上升,陇蜀杜鹃的分布格局由集聚型迅速转变为随机型,其余灌木则表现出一定程度的波动,但分布格局未发生根本性的变化。     

祁连山北坡林区两个土壤类型的辨析

通过野外调查和室内分析研究,确定了祁连山北坡林区阴坡海拔2400～3300m、阳坡海拔2600(2800)～3200(3400)m的土壤分别为灰褐土和山地栗钙土。     

祁连山森林枯落物水文作用的研究

通过对祁连山寺大隆林区主要森林类型凋落物累积量、枯枝落叶持水能力以及截留作用测定分析,研究了枯落物层的蓄水防蚀效能,结果表明,祁连山寺大隆林区主要森林类型年凋落物累积量为２．７￣３．７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,其累积量随时间变化符合Ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｔ＋ｃｔ＾２＋ｄｔ＾３方程 。     

祁连山南麓湟水河谷地形云雷达回波特征

利用2010年7月15-8月15日、2011年7月15-8月15日的逐日雷达资料和数值预报以及探空资料等,对祁连山南麓湟水河谷地形云雷达回波特征进行了分析,结果表明:湟水河谷对流天气形势以西北气流型、西南气流型、副高脊区型、浅槽型、浅槽与西南气流共同控制型5种类型为主.在各种类型控制的大气形势下均有地形云产生,太阳辐射加热使水源地或附近山顶形成地形云,初生地形云首先沿着近地面风场方向移动,再沿500 hPa引导气流方向移动.山脉对地形对流云起到抬升、加强和成型的作用.5种类型的地形云都可能发展成对流风暴单体(普通对流单体或脉冲单体),在对流发展阶段,西南气流型地形云的雷达回波参数值(回波顶高、对流单体顶高、组合反射率因子、垂直累积液态水含量等)更大;在成熟阶段,副高脊区型和浅槽与西南气流共同控制型的回波参数值更大,易形成带状多单体对流风暴,其后部形成逆风区,强降水集中于该逆风区内.     

祁连山高寒灌丛草地杜鹃属植物的水分动态及生态适应

为了解高寒常绿植物水分状况及不同季节的动态变化规律,研究祁连山高寒灌丛草地4种杜鹃(Rhododendron L.)属植物叶片和顶生枝条含水量年际动态,探讨水分动态与土壤因子的关系,及其与代谢生长间的关系。结果表明:4种杜鹃属植物年组织含水量呈周期性动态变化;在越冬休眠期,枝叶含水量极低;在生长季枝叶水分含量高,叶片蒸腾作用强,新枝生长长度大,占全年的99%以上;土壤温度对枝叶含水量动态变化具有重要影响,但土壤含水量对枝叶含水量的影响不大;叶片不同程度的反卷与叶片组织含水量的变化一致;组织水分动态变化是杜鹃对高寒地区严酷环境的适应结果,在不同种间存在着一定差异。     

Glacier variations and their response to climate change in an arid inland river basin of Northwest China

Glaciers are a critical freshwater resource of river recharge in arid areas around the world. In recent decades, glaciers have shown evidence of retreat due to climate change, and the accelerated ablation of glaciers and associated impacts on water resources have received widespread attention. Glacier variations result from climate change, so they can serve as an indicator of climate change. Considering the climatic differences in different elevation ranges, it is worthwhile to explore whether different responses exist between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone. In this study, we selected a typical arid inland river basin(Sugan Lake Basin) in the western Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to analyze the glacier variations and their response to climate change. The glacier area data from 1989 to 2016 were delineated using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM), Enhanced TM+(ETM+) and Operational Land Imager(OLI) images. We compared the relationships between glacier area and air temperature at seven meteorological stations in the glacier-covered areas and in the Sugan Lake Basin, and further analyzed the relationship between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in the elevation range of 4700–5500 m a.s.l. by the linear regression method and correlation analysis. In addition, based on the linear regression relationship established between glacier area and air temperature in each elevation zone, we predicted glacier areas under future climate scenarios during the periods of 2046–2065 and 2081–2100. The results indicate that the glaciers experienced a remarkable shrinkage from 1989 to 2016 with a shrinkage rate of –1.61 km2/a(–0.5%/a), and the rising temperature is the decisive factor dominating glacial retreat; there is a significant negative linear correlation between glacier area and mean air temperature of the glacier surfaces in July–August in each elevation zone from 1989 to 2016. The variations in glaciers are far less sensitive to changes in precipitation than to changes in air temperature. Due to the influence of climate and topographic conditions, the distribution of glacier area and the rate of glacier ablation first increased and then decreased in different elevation zones. The trend in glacier shrinkage will continue because air temperature will continue to increase in the future, and the result of glacier retreat in each elevation zone will be slightly slower than that in the entire study area. Quantitative glacier research can more accurately reflect the response of glacier variations to climate change, and the regression relationship can be used to predict the areas of glaciers under future climate scenarios. These conclusions can offer effective references for assessing glacier variations and their response to climate change in arid inland river basins in Northwest China as well as other similar regions in the world.     

祁连山浅山区退耕地土壤团聚体及其有机碳和全氮的分布特征

[目的]分析祁连山浅山区退耕地土壤团聚体及其有机碳和全氮分布特征,为该区退耕地植被恢复及水土流失防治提供理论依据。[方法]以祁连山大黄山林区三种类型退耕地为研究对象,通过干筛法测定团聚体粒径,分析不同粒级团聚体组成及其有机碳和全氮分布规律。[结果] 3种类型退耕地≥0.25 mm的大团聚体含量高于0.25 mm的微团聚体,其中以5 mm和0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体为主;封育草地团聚体稳定性最强,平均重量直径(MWD)高于沙棘林地9.31%,高于未封育草地31.95%;未封育草地土壤有机碳含量低于沙棘林地和封育草地,且差异显著,三种类型退耕地土壤全氮含量没有明显变化趋势;0.25～2 mm团聚体有机碳含量最高,0.25 mm微团聚体全氮含量最高,沙棘林地和封育草地土壤团聚体养分优于未封育草地;与团聚体分布特征相同,5 mm和0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体依然是退耕地有机碳和全氮储存的主体。[结论]祁连山浅山区退耕地以≥0.25 mm的大团聚体为主,沙棘林地和封育草地团聚体稳定性及其有机碳和全氮含量高于未封育草地。     

祁连山区4种高寒植被类型下土壤养分及含水率分布

[目的]探究祁连山区土壤养分及含水率分布特征,为祁连山区水土保持和生态植被恢复提供参考。[方法]以高寒草甸、高山灌丛、温性草原、温性荒漠4种高寒植被类型土壤为研究对象,采用野外调查、室内试验及数理统计相结合的方法,研究了4种植被类型下不同土层深度和4种坡向下土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、含水率(SMC)分布特征,及其与年平均气温、年累积降雨量之间的相关性。[结果](1)研究区SOM含量范围为1.85～190.31 mg/g, TN含量为0.07～7.99 mg/g, TP含量为0.24～1.81 mg/g, SMC为0.79%～73.21%。(2)土壤SOM,TN,TP,SMC含量差异主要受植被类型影响,不同植被类型土壤SOM,SMC含量大小顺序均为：高寒草甸>高山灌丛>温性草原>温性荒漠;TN含量：高山灌丛>高寒草甸>温性草原>温性荒漠;TP含量：温性草原>高寒草甸>高山灌丛>温性荒漠。在4种坡向中,TP含量在半阴坡最高,阳坡最低,SOM,TN,SMC含量在半阳坡最高。(3)SOM,TN,TP,SMC与年累积降...