Expression and localization of adiponectin and its receptors in ovarian follicles during different stages of development and the modulatory effect of adiponectin on steroid production in water buffalo

Adiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived hormone regulating energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and recently found to regulate reproduction. The current study was carried out to investigate gene and protein expression, immunolocalization of adiponectin and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in ovarian follicles of different developmental stages in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and to investigate the effect of adiponectin on steroid production in cultured bubaline granulosa cells. qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to demonstrate mRNA expression, protein expression and immunolocalization, respectively. The results indicate that adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were present in granulosa cells (GC) and theca interna (TI) of ovarian follicles and the expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 in GC and AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in TI increased with increase in follicle size (p < .05). Expression of adiponectin was high in small and medium size follicles in TI. The adiponectin and its receptors were immunolocalized in the cytoplasm of GC and TI cells. Further, in the in‐vitro study, GCs were cultured and treated with recombinant adiponectin each at 0, 1 and 10 µg/ml alone or with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at 30 ng/ml) or Insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) at 10 ng/ml for 48 hr after obtaining 75%–80%s confluency. Adiponectin at 10 µg/ml increased IGF‐I‐induced estradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) secretion and FSH‐induced E₂ secretion from GC and also increased the abundance of factors involved in E₂ and P₄ production (cytochrome P45019A1 [CYP19A1] and 3‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase [3β‐HSD]). In conclusion, this study provides novel evidence for the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in ovarian follicles and modulatory role of adiponectin on steroid production in buffalo.     

一起水牛猝死症的病因调查与防制

1997年7月~2000年8月,麻栗坡县猛硐乡某村役用水牛发生不明病因的猝死,先后死亡74头,我们对该起猝死症进行了流行病学调查、毒物分析、临床症状观察和病理剖检、病原微生物诊断,结果确诊该村发生的水牛猝死症是由简达气单胞菌和拉氏普罗威登斯菌混合感染引起。采取综合防治后,疫情得到控制。     

Biodiversity in Mediterranean buffalo using two microsatellite multiplexes

The present study was carried out to investigate genetic diversity in Nile-Delta and Southern-Egypt buffalo populations in comparison with the Italian buffalo utilizing two microsatellite multiplexes. A total of 104 animals classified into three groups were used, 28, 38 and 38 representing the Nile-Delta, Southern-Egypt and Italian buffalo, respectively. The 15 studied microsatellites were CSSM38, CSSM70, CYP21, CSSM42, CSSM60, MAF65, BM0922, CSSM19, INRA006, ETH02, BM1706, BMC1013, CSSM47, INRA026 and CA004. All studied microsatellites showed allelic polymorphism. Number of polymorphic alleles ranged between 4 alleles (CSSM38, CSSM70 and CYP21) and 11 alleles (CA004). Pairwise Chi-square test for Nile Delta and Southern Egypt showed significant differences in allelic distribution at five loci, CSSM70, CSSM38, BM0922, ETH02 and BM1706. Italian buffalo showed the lowest percentage of observed heterozygotes (65%), while the Southern Egypt showed the highest (71%). Both the Italian and the Delta populations deviated significantly (P < 0.05) from HW equilibrium. Italian buffalo is relatively the most inbred population while the Southern-Egypt buffalo is the only outbred population. High level of genetic differentiation (F_ST estimates) between the Italian group and each of the Delta and Southern-Egypt group (0.083 and 0.076, respectively) was observed while Southern-Egypt group showed a lower level of genetic differentiation with the Delta group (0.014). Italian buffalo had the greatest genetic distance values with the two Egyptian groups (0.25 and 0.23) while much lower values between the Southern-Egypt and the Delta groups (0.06) was observed. Genetic variation between the Italian buffalo and the Egyptian buffalo was detected in 14 (out of 15) microsatellite loci. While a lower level (than that between Egyptian and Italian) of genetic variation between Southern-Egypt and Delta buffalo populations was expressed by 5 loci. It was concluded that the Southern-Egypt buffalo could be considered as distinct population from the Delta buffalo. In addition, Southern-Egypt group, being the only group with non-significant global deviation from HW equilibrium, the most heterozygous, and the only outbred population as well, is expected to respond more favorably to selection.     

Trends in the quality and hygiene parameters of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk: A three year study

Buffalo milk represents an indispensable source of nourishment in many parts of the world and it is the second most consumed milk worldwide. Buffalo milk is actually used for the production of many dairy products such as pasteurized or concentrated milk, butter, yogurt, ice‐cream, dehydrated milk products and cheeses. Due to its high nutritional value and the presence of natural bioactive substances, buffalo milk can also provide health benefits to consumers. In Italy, buffalo milk is used mainly for cheese making, mozzarella PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), which is a highly valued dairy product. This 3‐year study, carried out between 2011 and 2013, was aimed at evaluating the quality of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo milk by monitoring physico‐chemical parameters, somatic cell and total bacterial counts. A total of 51 samples of bulk milk were collected from one herd throughout the monitored period. Analysis of variance, carried out to test month, season and year main effects, highlighted remarkable seasonal effects for fat, protein and lactose content, as well as for predicted mozzarella cheese yield, and somatic cell counts. The calculation of simple correlations allowed the identification of positive correlations between estimated cheese yield and fat and protein content.     

Epidural anesthesia in Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): a comparison of lidocaine,xylazine and a combination of lidocaine and xylazine

Objective

To evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of a combination of lidocaine and xylazine to lidocaine or xylazine administered alone for epidural anesthesia in Egyptian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

摩拉水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2基因的多态性检测

本研究旨在检测水牛二酰甘油酰基转移酶2（diacylglycerolacylt-ransferase,DGAT2）基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）,探究摩拉水牛多态性位点的群体遗传特征。以广西水牛研究所的57头摩拉水牛为材料,PCR扩增DGAT2基因的部分序列（外显子2及内含子2、3）,通过常规测序法检测其SNP,并运用遗传多样性分析软件（POPGENE）和SPSS软件对群体的多态性位点进行基因频率、基因型频率、多态信息含量（PIC）、有效等位基因数（Ne）及遗传杂合度（He）的检测。结果表明,在摩拉水牛DGAT2基因外显子2和内含子2、3上共发现了9个SNPs位点（IVS2.54 G > A、IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、EVS2.228 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.444 A > G、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T、IVS3.521 C > T）,其中EVS2.191 A > G位点的突变导致氨基酸由异亮氨酸突变为缬氨酸,突变位点间存在一定程度的连锁遗传但接近连锁平衡状态。从基因频率上看,IVS2.158 A > G、EVS2.191 A > G、IVS3.311 C > T、IVS3.451 A > C、IVS3.466 C > T和IVS3.521 C > T 6个SNPs位点的两个等位基因频率有较大差异,提示等位基因频率较大的基因个体可能更适合生存。9个SNPs位点在摩拉水牛品种上多处于高度多态,杂合度在0.1744~0.4975之间,说明摩拉水牛群体中DGAT2基因遗传多态性丰富,具有较大的育种价值和性状改良潜力。     

现行牛IVF程序在水牛体外受精的应用研究

本研究对我所现行的牛体外受精程序 ( IVF)应用于水牛体外受精的可行性进行了探讨。结果表明 ,水牛卵巢生长卵泡少 ,平均仅可回收 5枚卵母细胞 ,只相当于黄牛 ( 14.3个 )的1/ 3。水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟率为 51.7% ,体外受精卵裂率为 58.7% ,均极显著地低于黄牛(分别为 87.3%和 69.6% ,P<0 .0 1)。水牛卵母细胞经体外受精后 ,早期胚胎的体外发育速度较黄牛快 ,体外受精后的第 6d囊胚发育率占 36.4 % ,累计到第 7d时占 80 .7% ,极显著地高于黄牛 ( 57.6% ,P<0 .0 0 1)。水牛早期胚胎的体外囊胚发育率为 31.5% ,与黄牛的 ( 39.2 % )差异不显著 ;孵化囊胚率为 73.8% ,也与黄牛的相仿。实验结果表明 ,我所现行的牛 IVF程序应用于水牛的体外受精研究是有效、可行的 ,特别是早期胚胎的体外培养系统 ,已接近于黄牛的水平。但尚需设法提高水牛卵母细胞的体外成熟培养效果 ,以提高水牛体外受精的整体效率     

云南德宏羊奶果资源收集和评价简报

为开发利用羊奶果种质资源,以云南德宏的16份羊奶果种质资源为试材,主要分析果实可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和维生素C三个主要品质性状,并对所收集的羊奶果材料相关品质表现进行综合评价。结果表明:16份羊奶果可滴定酸,可溶性固形物和维生素C的变异系数分别为56%、20.72%和26.72%;根据综合评价,3号羊奶果种质资源综合表现优良。     

云南德宏烟区津巴布韦特色烤烟品种对比试验

[目的]筛选既能彰显津巴布韦烟叶风格特色、又适宜在云南德宏烟区种植的优质特色烤烟品种,为德宏州特色优质烟叶基地单元的品种布局及后备品种筛选提供科学依据.[方法]以云烟87为对照,选取T16、T20、KRK26、T62、T63和T64共6个津巴布韦烤烟品种在云南省德宏州芒市红塔集团遮放基地单元进行品种对比试验,调查各品种生育期、农艺性状、经济性状,评价初烤烟叶外观质量并测定其主要化学成分含量.[结果]各品种在苗期、团棵期差异不明显,从现蕾期开始,津巴布韦烤烟品种较对照云烟87生育期推迟,全生育期达160 d左右;除T20外,6个津巴布韦烤烟品种的田间长势均比对照云烟87强;各参试品种均有普通花叶病发生,但津巴布韦品种的发病率均低于对照云烟87;津巴布韦烤烟品种的产量和产值均高于对照云烟87,其中KRK26的产量和产值最高,分别达3109.50 kg/ha和83580.00元/ha;各品种初烤烟叶外观质量整体表现较好;总糖、还原糖含量较高,烟碱含量较适宜,各部位化学成分较协调.[结论]6个津巴布韦烤烟品种综合表现与当地主栽品种云烟87相当,其中KRK26抗病性较强、产量和产值最高、化学成分较协调,可在云南德宏烟区进一步试验与推广.