Influence of high temperature on the performance of some Phaseolus species at different developmental stages

Summary The effect of short term high temperature exposure on the performance of five Phaseolus species and of long term (continuous) exposure on the performance of P. vulgaris was studied at three growth stages. Phaseolus species subjected to 26.7, 32.2 or 37.3°C for two days showed small differences in the number of pods produced and in visual leaf damage, but large differences in leaf heat killing time, as measured by conductivity. P. coccineus had the shortest heat killing time (20–60 minutes) and P. acutifolius and P. lunatus the longest times (180 and 153 minutes), respectively. The P. vulgaris genotypes were intermediate in killing times to P. acutifolius and P. coccineus. Species response was not consistent with temperature within developmental stage. On average, the number of pods decreased as temperature increased from 32.2 to 37.3°C. Heat killing time and leaf damage also increased with temperature. CO₂ exchange rates of plants grown at prolonged high temperatures (30–40°C/20–30°C, day/night) decreased with the age of the plant. Shoot lenght was decreased as high temperature. P. vulgaris genotypes differed on the basis of either short term exposure or of continuous exposure. These results suggest that there may be useful germplasm in Phaseolus for improving heat tolerance.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 13,8000 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, USA.     

利玛原甲藻PL11共附生菌多样性研究

为揭示产腹泻性贝类毒素(diarrheic shellfish poisoning,DSP)典型赤潮甲藻-利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima)PL11的共附生菌群多样性信息,通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析了PL11的共附生菌群种类及相对丰度,并且对其可培养共附生菌株进行了选择性分离及其16S rRNA基因序列扩增与系统发育的分析。利玛原甲藻PL11高通量测序结果显示:样品共附生细菌包括5门,14纲,26目,38科及54属。其中优势门(>5%)为3个,包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria,75.5%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteriodetes,11.5%)以及浮霉菌门(Planctomycetex,8.5%);优势纲(>5%)为4个,包括α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,51.7%)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria,31.8%)、鞘脂杆菌纲(Sphingobacteria,9.9%)以及OM190纲(8.9%);优势属(>5%)为6个,侏囊菌科下未知属(norank Nannocystaceae,21.8%)、Pyruvatibacte属(11.6%)、Phaeodactylibacter属(9.4%)、生丝单胞菌科下未知属(norank Hyphomonadaceae,8.5%)、OM190纲下未知属(8.1%)以及Roseovarius属(7.9%)。从利玛原甲藻PL11培养物中分离获得可培养微生物菌株9株,分属于8个属,包括Ochrobactrum sp.(2株)及Microbacterium sp.、Algoriphagus sp.、Ponticoccus sp.、Hoeflea sp.、Labrenzia sp.、Sphingopyxis sp.、Erythrobacter sp.各1株。其中PL11-1为Ponticoccus属潜在新种。     

花芸豆—冬瓜—莱豆套种高产栽培技术

通过多年生产总结,根据花芸豆、冬瓜、莱豆的生育期长短和对光温条件需求,采用花芸豆—冬瓜—莱豆套种模式,总结其栽培技术：适时播种、整地定植、追肥及病虫害防治。     

Stress Gene Expression in Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in response to experimental exposure to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, 1975

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are natural phenomena with different effects on the aquatic environment that affect both human economy and health. Several genomic studies have been done to characterize the effects of contaminants on Crassostrea gigas. However, oysters’ molecular response to HABs exposure needs to be studied more. In this study, we challenged C. gigas with Prorocentrum lima, a diarrhoetic toxin producer, under controlled experimental conditions considering dinoflagellate density and exposure time (acute and sub‐chronic) as variables. The expression profile of six stress response genes was analysed by semiquantitative RT‐PCR: Glutamine synthetase (GS), Glutathione S‐transferase (GST), heat shock protein 70 (HSP₇₀), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP₉₀), CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and melanogenic peroxidase (POX). The results revealed that these gene expressions depend on exposure time and cell concentration. In general, an increased expression was observed in all tested cell densities as immediate response to exposure (0–3 h); whereas lower expression levels than control were observed after 6 h. Treatment with 3,000 cells mL^‐1 promoted higher expression than control on most genes after 336 h of exposure. This is the first report providing information at molecular level on C. gigas response to dinoflagellate blooms.     

有毒赤潮藻共生菌的分离鉴定

利用脂肪酸鉴定法和荧光微生物法对塔玛亚历山大藻和利马原甲藻的共生菌进行了分离和纯化.从塔玛亚历山大藻和利马原甲藻中分离出2株可培养的菌株.脂肪酸鉴定为人苍白杆菌和交替假单胞菌,用荧光法鉴定的菌株分别为弗氏枸橼酸杆菌和短稳黄杆菌.     

东海原甲藻钙调蛋白的分离纯化及鉴定

以东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu）为材料,经热变性、离心处理,上清液依次经DEAE纤维素阴离子交换层析和苯基．Sepharose CL．4B疏水层析分离纯化钙调蛋白（CaM）．SDS—PAGE和Westem blot检测结果显示：东海原甲藻中CaM的相对分子质量为16ku．采用该实验方法首次有效地从海洋浮游植物东海原甲藻中分离纯化出钙调蛋白．     

南海慢原甲藻的培养和毒性初探

研究了南海慢原甲藻(Prorocentrum rhathymum)在f/2、f、K、2K、ES、2ES培养基中的生长情况,并对其进行了小白鼠毒性、溶血活性以及腹泻性贝毒实验.结果表明,在温度25℃、盐度35‰、光照67.5μmol/(m2·s)、起始密度500 cells/mL条件下,南海慢原甲藻在f培养基中生长最好,细胞密度最大,为7.2× 104 cells/mL,生长率也最高,为0.647 division/d.南海慢原甲藻具有溶血活性,单位细胞溶血活性为4.8× 10-7 HU/cell.胞内和胞外培养液均检测出腹泻性贝毒大田软海绵酸(OA),单位体积胞外OA含量为0.028 1～0.038 4μg/mL,单位体积胞内OA含量稳定期最高,为1 690 pg/mL,单位细胞OA含量指数期最高,为29.0 fg/cell.     

Effect of maternal genotype on development ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. ×P. lunatus L. interspecific hybrid embryos

Summary CertainPhaseolus vulgaris L. ×P. lunatus L. crosses were performed to study the effect of maternal heterozygosity on development and growth of the interspecific hybrid embryos. Interspecific embryos had a much slower growth rate in vitro compared with embryos derived from self-pollination ofP. vulgaris parents. Thus, interspecific embryos could be identified by growth rate in vitro. TheP. vulgaris maternal genotype affected both the number and size of 15-day-old interspecific embryos. Specifically, 76 Spartan Arrow produced significantly more interspecific embryos than did Great Northern as the seed parent, while maternal intraspecific hybrids produced smaller embryos than did maternal pure lines. There were no reciprocal differences between hybrid maternal parents for embryo number or size. Embryo size at excision and final size after culturing were closely correlated (r²=+0.93). The crossP. vulgaris 76 Spartan Arrow ×P. lunatus P.I. 214170 produced both the largest mean size at excision and the fastest growth in culture, indicating that specific combining ability affected both characteristics.Journal Paper No. J-12208 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 2495     

Ontogenetic diet shifts in a neotropical catfish, Sorubim lima (Schneider) from the River Paraná System

This study examines the diet of Sorubim lima (Schneider) during its early life stages and compares it with available food resources. Prey species preference was estimated by computing the Strauss index. The diet was diverse, and rotifers and cladocerans were the most important items. Pre-flexion larvae ate rotifers and cladocerans. Around flexion, cladocerans were dominant and the ingestion of fish also began. As larvae grew, the percentage of rotifers diminished. In post-flexion larvae, cladocerans were also dominant, and the ingestion of insects and fish was more frequent. The Strauss index showed negative selection for rotifers, positive values for cladocerans and neutral for copepods. The role of the lotic habitats as nursery areas for fish larvae was discussed.     

Oligosaccharides in several Philippine indigenous food legumes: Determination,localization and removal

The oligosaccharide profile of raw mature seeds of seven different legumes indigenous to the Philippines was measured in 70% ethanol extracts of the seeds by thin layer chromatography using HPTLC plates and quantified by a densitometer. Based on the results, the legumes could be ranked according to decreasing oligosaccharide content or flatulence potential as follows: Sam-samping (Clitoria ternatea)>hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab)> sabawel (Mucuna pruriens)>lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus)>swordbean (Canavalia gladiata)>rice bean (Vigna umbellata)>jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Sam-samping had 4.79% total oligosaccharides and hyacinth bean or batao, 3.66%. A jack bean accession had 1.79% oligosaccharides.Simple processing methods were tested to detoxify the oligosaccharides. Soaking the batao seeds had no effect while boiling even resulted in a net 23–31% increase in the levels of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. On the other hand, two min of dry roasting resulted in complete removal of oligosaccharides whereas germination resulted in about 30–40% decrease after 1 and 2 days, respectively.Part of MS thesis of the senior author.