水分胁迫对玉米叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响

在盆栽人工控制水分的条件下,比较了不同水分胁迫强度对不同抗旱性玉米杂交种叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明:随水分胁迫程度增强,不同玉米品种叶片可溶性糖含量增加,脯氨酸含量成倍升高,二者与品种抗旱性没有明显联系。     

聚乙二醇模拟水分胁迫对桑树种子萌发和生理的影响

以丰驰桑种子为材料,研究了不同浓度(0、1.0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 g/L)的聚乙二醇-6 000(PEG-6 000)模拟干旱处理对桑树种子发芽和生理的影响。结果表明:用1%PEG处理后,种子的平均发芽速度、发芽率和发芽势较对照高;其他处理随胁迫强度的增加呈现明显下降趋势(均低于对照)。10%PEG处理的种子在试验开始第5天后仍未萌发。随胁迫加重脯氨酸含量先降低后升高;而可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量随胁迫加重呈上升趋势。     

干旱胁迫下苎麻的生理生化变化与抗旱性的关系

 在干旱胁迫下 ,抗旱性强的品种叶片相对含水量、细胞膜的稳定性高 ,随着干旱胁迫加强 ,抗旱性强的品种过氧化物酶活性提高 ,复水后下降快 ;而抗旱性弱的品种在一定限度胁迫下过氧化物酶活性增加 ,严重胁迫下则大幅度下降 ,然后复水后呈缓慢下降趋势 ;在干旱胁迫较轻时 ,抗旱性弱的品种积累游离脯氨酸多于抗旱性强的品种 ,而随着胁迫加强 ,抗旱性强品种游离脯氨酸积累强度大于抗旱性弱的品种 ;复水后抗旱性强的品种游离脯氨酸下降快 ,而抗旱性弱的品种则下降缓。干旱胁迫下苎麻叶片丙二醛 (MDA)含量增加 ,随着胁迫加强 ,抗旱性弱的品种增加的速度快 ,抗旱性强的品种增加的速度慢     

Serum biochemical parameters and amino acids metabolism are altered in piglets by early-weaning and proline and putrescine supplementations

The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline (Pro) and putrescine (Put) supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids (AA) metabolism in suckling and post-weaning pigs. Blood and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age, as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d old. In suckling piglets, the serum glucose, albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased (P < 0.05) with increasing age, whereas the serum globulin, urea nitrogen (BUN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lowered (P < 0.05). The concentrations of most serum AA and the AA transporters related gene expressions were highest in 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.05), whereas the phosphorylation status of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the small intestine increased in piglets from 1 to 21 d old (P < 0.05). Weaning at 14 d old increased (P < 0.05) the BUN and triglycerides levels in serum, as well as jejunal solute carrier family 7 member 6 (SLC7A6), ileal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances at d 1 or 3 post-weaning. Weaning also inhibited (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and its downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) in the small intestine of weanling pigs. Oral administration of Put and Pro decreased (P < 0.05) serum ALP levels and increased (P < 0.05) intestinal SLC36A1 and SLC1A1 mRNA abundances and mTOR pathway phosphorylation levels in post-weaning pigs. Pro but not Put treatment enhanced (P < 0.05) serum Pro, arginine (Arg) and glutamine (Gln) concentrations of weaning-pigs. These findings indicated that early-weaning dramatically altered the biochemical blood metabolites, AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity, and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs. Our study has an important implication for the broad application of Pro and Put in the weaning transition of piglets.     

转AAP1基因玉米游离氨基酸与可溶性蛋白质含量变化关系的研究

氨基酸通透酶1(AAP1)是位于细胞膜上与氨基酸转运有关的载体蛋白。以转组成型启动子(UBI)的AAP1玉米植株(N7-30、N7-26)、转胚乳特异性启动子(Glu)的AAP1玉米植株(KF8-33、KF8-39、KF9-22)为材料,探究转AAP1基因玉米中游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量之间的变化关系。结果表明,转AAP1基因玉米的根部和叶片中游离氨基酸含量在抽丝期最高;根部可溶性蛋白质含量在成熟期最高;叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量在抽丝期最高。叶片中游离氨基酸含量与可溶性蛋白质含量随着生育期的变化均呈现低-高-低的趋势,抽丝期达到最高值;种子中游离氨基酸的含量与可溶性蛋白质含量呈显著正相关性。转胚乳特异性启动子玉米种子中游离氨基酸含量、脯氨酸含量、赖氨酸含量均显著高于转组成型启动子玉米种子。AAP1可以提高植物对游离氨基酸的吸收与转运,进而提高植物对氮素的利用效率。     

番茄幼苗对高温时间段空气湿度控制的生理响应

为了解空气湿度对高温下番茄幼苗的生理影响，试验设计制作了智能控制自然光照生长箱，在夏季高温时段（10:00-16:00）设置了3种湿度处理，即空气相对湿度55%±5%（M处理）、70%±5%（H处理）和以不加湿作为对照（L处理）。结果表明，在平均温度为33 ℃的高温条件下，各处理番茄叶片中渗透调节物质（脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白）的积累、POD活性都呈增加趋势，说明植株在不断的自我适应和调节；随处理时间延长，L处理和M处理的细胞膜相对透性增加，而H处理的细胞膜相对透性降低；而且处理期间，H处理的脯氨酸含量比L处理减少25%~70%，POD活性低14%~32%，说明植株在70%±5%的空气湿度下遭受的热胁迫较小,热害指数降低，耐热性提高。     

外源脯氨酸对镍胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的影响

为探究外源脯氨酸对镍胁迫下小麦根系生长发育的影响,以小麦品种轮选988为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了不同浓度的脯氨酸对10μmol·L~(-1) Ni~(2+)胁迫下小麦幼苗株高和根系生长的影响。结果发现,镍胁迫严重抑制小麦生长;而外施脯氨酸对小麦幼苗的株高和根系生长的各项指标均有正向效应,以外施5mmol·L~(-1)脯氨酸的效果最好。与单独Ni~(2+)胁迫相比,外施5mmol·L~(-1)脯氨酸后,小麦幼苗根长、株高、根鲜重和根干重分别上升了24.8%、12.5%、16.0%和20.0%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别升高了54.30%、43.00%、13.08%、67.67%;超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)自由基、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量分别下降了56.65%、34.54%、32.35%;渗透调节物质游离脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖的含量均显著下降;根系活力上升了233.83%。外源脯氨酸可以显著提高小麦根的抗氧化能力,进而增强小麦的抗逆性,缓解镍对小麦根系的毒害作用。