犬猫皮肤病细菌性病原分离鉴定及天然产物抑菌效果分析

【目的】 分离鉴定武汉市患皮肤病犬猫细菌性病原,并探索其对传统抗菌药物与天然活性产物藤黄酸(GA)和6-溴靛玉红-3’-肟(BIO)的敏感性。【方法】 对患皮肤病犬猫采样并分离病原,通过生长特性观察、革兰氏染色镜检、PCR等方法鉴定并利用SPF小鼠验证致病性;通过药敏纸片验证其对传统药物的耐药性,并测定天然产物对其最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)值。【结果】 分离得到2株金黄色葡萄球菌、3株伪中间型葡萄球菌、2株猫葡萄球菌、1株犬链球菌及1株奇异变形杆菌。SPF小鼠皮肤创伤感染验证分离菌株均有致病性。犬链球菌及奇异变形杆菌对各自受试药物均敏感;葡萄球菌对复方新诺明、青霉素、红霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星、苯唑西林、庆大霉素、克林霉素及氯霉素存在不同程度耐药。天然活性产物GA和BIO对上述9株菌均具有良好抑菌效果,且除分离菌株F5外GA对分离菌株的MIC值均小于BIO。【结论】 本研究共分离得到5种、9株犬猫皮肤细菌。犬链球菌、奇异变形杆菌对传统抗菌药物均敏感,部分葡萄球菌存在耐药。GA和BIO对犬猫皮肤病原菌均有明显抑菌活性,显示其可作为防控犬猫细菌性皮肤病的候选药物。     

中国林产品发展的现状与前景

从我国林产品的供需态势、技术方向和政策取向三个方面,介绍我国林产品的发展现状与前景,分析了中国林产品在世界林产品进出口贸易的内在潜力与资源优势.指出中国经济社会的持续快速稳定协调发展,为中国林产品的市场供需与贸易投资提供了广阔的发展空间与研发平台,带来了巨大的发展机遇.     

湖南省林产品电子商务系统的研制Ⅱ.系统编程与实现

为解决湖南省林产品交易过程中由于信息不早所造成的供需矛盾，在具体分析了湖南省林产品的交易过程及模式的基础上，利用Dreamwaver、IIS和ASP开发出湖南省林产品电子商务网站。建立了湖南省林产品电子商务管理信息系统，以实现林产品的在线交易。使林产品的商务活动达到可宏观调控和信息引导的目的，实现林产品的公平、快捷、方便、高效、低成本的交易和快速准确的查询、统计、分析、决策、动态更新和WWW发布功能。     

我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策

综合介绍了我国经济林产品的发展现状及开发利用对策。我国一些经济林产品，如油茶、油桐、漆树、白蜡、板粟、等栽培历史悠久，产量居世界之冠；一些经济林产品的质量在世界上享有盛名，如桐油、核桃仁；近年来在一些经济林产品的开发利用上取得了一定的进展；如采用加温融合与加压压榨法提取橄榄油比常规压榨法提高出油量１４．０７％。     

Spatially Explicit Evaluation of Local Extractive Benefits from Mangrove Plantations in Bangladesh

Mangroves worldwide provide a wide range of ecosystem services utilized directly and indirectly by local peoples. Between 1966 and 2001, Bangladesh established approximately 148,000 ha of mangrove plantations in coastal areas within the Barisal and Chittagong Divisions. Though erosion and human encroachment and conversion have removed over two-thirds of these stands, the Forest Department has continued to undertake new plantation activities.

To investigate how and to what degree people directly utilize these mangroves, I conducted 340 household surveys across eight coastal villages located in close proximity to established plantations. The predominant direct use of the mangrove plantations by local rural communities is the extraction of detritus and nonmain stem material (e.g., limbs, leaves) for combustible fuel. This study uses household foraging distances to estimate and map net value densities based on reported market prices of extracted goods. The average extractive value of mangrove plantations is Tk 2,300 ha^?1 yr^?1, ranging among the villages from 300 to Tk 27,400 ha^?1 yr^?1, with values concentrated closer to the village. Cost-benefit analyses suggest that direct use values alone have justified the establishment and management of previously planted stands. However, other indirect values must be taken into account if these areas are to merit additional plantations.     

The scope for reconciling public good and private forestry in the United Kingdom

The nature of private forestry in the UK as an economic activity is changing, with increasing ‘public good’ demands being placed on forest owners, with or without compensation from government. Although the motives for owning woodland are weakly researched, it is evident that amenity and recreational interests rather than formal productive economic activity are a major force in influencing woodland purchase and may well be a dominant force in woodland management over many parts of the UK. Recent research suggests a need for recognition of the high value of the public goods and, in particular, recognition of their high levels of spatial variability, whilst recognising that the public good — private good dualism is an oversimplification of the actual situation. New policy instruments are currently being implemented in various parts of the UK by devolved governments, and their capacity to both remediate market failure and address the needs of forest owners is considered. Their voluntary character and the preferences of forest owners may seriously constrain the optimal delivery of public goods. Further, existing policy instruments may be seen as insufficiently geographically targeted to areas where the greatest social benefits could be anticipated from policy-induced improvements in public good values.     

香茅醇的合成研究进展

香茅醇是广谱的香料原料，对香茅醇的研究具有很大的经济价值。天然的香茅醇存在于70多种精油中，合成的香茅醇主要通过天然产物为原料的半合成法、利用石化产品为原料的全合成法得到。本文对这些方法予以较全面介绍，并重点介绍以二氢月桂烯为原料的几种合成方法。同时对各类方法的优缺点及生产工艺加以评述。     

杉木营养平衡与苗木干物质的分配关系

详细研究了不同营养 (N、P、NP)条件下杉木苗木干物质在根冠的分配规律 ,结果表明 ,不同的营养条件可导致苗木光合产物在根冠发生明显再分配 ,苗木的营养状态和根冠干物质分配的关系规律可应用异速生长模型y =axk 来描述和刻划。基于营养与光合产物在根冠的再分配规律及异速生长模型参数k值对营养胁迫反应的敏感性变化规律 ,提出了新的营养平衡理论和营养诊断方法 (称之为苗木群体营养诊断法 )。营养诊断法则为 :(1)在某一营养条件下 ,如果苗木异速生长模型参数k <1时 ,表明根系相对生长速率高于冠层相对生长速率 ,苗木处于营养亏缺状态 ;(2 )当k >1时 ,表明苗木冠层相对生长速率高于根系 ,苗木处于营养过剩状态 ,一般在自然条件下 ,k >1是不会出现的 ;(3)当k =1时 ,表明根系和冠层相对生长速率相等 ,苗木处于营养平衡状态。根据新的营养诊断方法 ,制定了杉木叶片和土壤营养诊断标准 ,并通过大量的杉木幼、中、近熟林施肥试验结果验证了营养平衡理论的正确性。     

The economics of traditional rattan cultivation

In this paper the author: (a) discusses the uniqueness of rattan among non-timber forest products, (b) examines the financial and the economic profitability of smallholder rattan cultivation, and (c) outlines a strategy for expanding smallholder rattan plantations among non-traditional producers.     

广东主要林产品采标现状调研

广东省林产品主要以人造板、木家具、松香、木(竹)材、竹木工艺品、桂油等产品产销量大，我国制定的与我省林产品有关的标准359项，标准中等效采用国际标准和国外先进标准的不多。人造板、松香等产品采标状况较好，达到了工业发达国家的先进水平；肉桂油、竹笋生产也有相关标准。文章分析了广东主要林产品采标生产状况及其存在问题，并就制定我省主要林产品地方标准等提出了建议。