套种三叶草对日光温室樱桃番茄生长及根际土壤环境的影响

通过研究套种三叶草对樱桃番茄生长及根际土壤环境的影响,探索生物多样性栽培模式,改变日光温室单一栽培制度。结果表明,随着三叶草生长量的增加,对土壤养分环境的影响逐渐明显,到樱桃番茄收获时,处理土壤的pH、全盐、速效氮、磷、钾质量分数分别下降2.68%、8.73%、10.78%、19.5%和7.54%;处理土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性在樱桃番茄生育初期就显著增加,在整个生长期内,平均较对照高17.94%和60.62%;相对于对照,套种三叶草的樱桃番茄产量增加14.44%,果实中可滴定酸减少12.83%,亚硝酸盐减少14.38%,糖质量分数增加16.37%,维生素C质量分数增加17.66%;表明日光温室樱桃番茄套种三叶草能够改善根际土壤酶环境减轻根层土壤磷钾肥的富集,提高樱桃番茄养分利用效率,增加产量,是一种可行的增加生物多样性的栽培方式。     

棚室蔬果连作障碍的原因及防治

棚室蔬果连作障碍发生的原因有病虫危害、土壤盐渍化和酸化、土壤养分分布不均、植物自毒的影响等。在总结了棚室蔬果连作障碍发生原因的基础上提出了一系列连作障碍的治理措施,旨在为大棚蔬果的安全生产提供依据和技术参考。     

Impacts of different spices on in vitro rumen dry matter disappearance,fermentation and methane of wheat or ryegrass hay based substrates

Two completely randomised experiments compared the impact of different spices, each at 30 mg/g substrate DM, on the in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), methane, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA) from either wheat flour (wheat) (experiment 1) as highly or hay based mixtures (experiment 2) as moderately fermentable substrates. Experiment 1 tested the effects of adding cinnamon, clove, coriander, cumin and turmeric, individually, on the rumen fermentation during their in vitro incubations with wheat for 24 h. All spices reduced methane (P < 0.05) from wheat as compared to the spice-free wheat (control). Coriander reduced methane more followed by turmeric, cumin and cinnamon than the control. The IVDMD of wheat did not differ for most spices except cinnamon where IVDMD was reduced (P < 0.05) as compared to the control. Whilst, rumen ammonia was greatest for cumin (P < 0.01) followed by coriander and turmeric, it was lowest for clove (P < 0.01). The spices did not affect the pH and total VFA of rumen fluid for wheat. However, the presence of clove reduced acetic acid (P < 0.05). Experiment 2 tested the effect of only three (coriander, cumin and turmeric) spices individually or together on the in vitro fermentation of hay based mixtures during 96 h of incubation. Whilst all the individual spices or their mixture reduced methane from the hay based mixtures (P < 0.05), the extent of this reduction was highest for turmeric, second highest for coriander and lowest for cumin. It appeared that most spices modified methane emission from wheat as a single ingredient or hay based mixtures without having detrimental effect on diet disappearance or fermentation in vitro. However, the extent of this modification depended on the type of a spice and substrate. Therefore, careful selection of a spice to suit specific feeds would be essential before their in vivo use to modify the fermentation efficiency of ruminant diets.     

鲁厚甜1号厚皮甜瓜果实发育规律及日光温室栽培相关技术研究

本文对鲁厚甜1号厚皮甜瓜开展了果实发育规律,以及在日光温室条件下打顶节位、留瓜节位、栽培密度等方面的研究,结果表明,在授粉后的3-21天鲁厚甜1号果实膨大最快,打项的适宜节位为主蔓第27节,坐瓜节位为主蔓第14节左右,栽培的适宜密度为每667m21600-1800株。     

创新应用信息技术 促进蔬菜种苗产业发展

从蔬菜产业发展对穴盘育苗的需求出发,综述了中国育苗技术的研究与发展。通过分析穴盘育苗的技术瓶颈,提出了以信息技术、智能装备和种苗质量管理多目标控制技术为核心的关键技术突破点;阐述了幼苗生长-环境-执行设备的信息获取与解析、精量播种、智能灌溉、温室物流、多点管理和多目标控制的育苗质量管理等关键技术与装备的创新驱动对种苗产业发展的支撑。     

泸西县发展大棚蔬菜产业的思考

通过对泸西县大棚蔬菜发展现状和存在问题的剖析,提出了发展泸西大棚蔬菜应从加大资金投入、科技培训力度,扶持加工型龙头企业,引导农民集约化、规模化栽培等方面着手,力求找出一条有利于泸西县发展支柱产业的健康之路,做大做强大棚蔬菜产业,使泸西县的蔬菜产业能够走向国内外市场。     

芹菜新品种YZ09-14的Logistic模型研究

为探索芹菜生长发育规律,选用示范园区最新引进的芹菜品种YZ09-14,对其质量、高度、叶柄长度、叶柄粗度、叶片数目和发生分蘖数量等指标进行观测,并对结果进行Logistic生长曲线方程拟合。结果表明,芹菜的生长发育与定植时间的关系可以用Logistic曲线方程表示,二者之间达到了极显著水平。各个指标生长都呈现单"S"形曲线,各个曲线的拐点出现时间均是其生长的关键时期。     

熊蜂授粉对大棚蔬菜产量和品质的影响

为了解熊蜂授粉对大棚蔬菜产量和品质的影响,开展自然授粉和熊蜂授粉对比试验。试验结果表明,熊蜂授粉可提高大棚试验农作物坐果率30%以上,单株产量提高17%以上;试验蔬菜维生素C、总糖、可溶性固形物含量均有所提高;熊蜂授粉可显著提高大棚蔬菜株产量和品质,增加大棚农作物种植效益。     

不同覆盖方式对植烟土壤有机质及烟叶品质影响的初步研究

为提高烟叶品质,进行了对植烟土壤不同覆盖方式的比较试验,结果表明:高C/N比秸秆与地膜双覆盖能够协调烤烟生长全过程的土壤温度,并且地温日变化幅度小,蓄水保墒作用显著,有机质积累明显,腐殖化作用强,使得烟叶内在化学成分比例更协调,产值高。秸秆单覆盖对土壤性状改良与秸秆和地膜双覆盖相似,烟叶内在化学成分较协调,品质较好,但由于在烤烟生长前期不能提高土壤温度,使得烟叶生长速度较慢,产量下降,产值与地膜单覆盖差异不显著;由于没有新鲜的有机质补充,地膜单覆盖对土壤性状改良不及秸秆单覆盖和秸秆与地膜双覆盖,从而使得烟叶品质较不协调,但产量较高,产值也较高。     

绿化中应用树状花木的构想

针对目前行道树种类不够丰富 ,美化、香化环境树种缺乏的现状 ,认为未来园林绿化应加大彩乔、花乔和绿乔行道树的应用 ,并归纳了地栽树状花木的造型设计及园林应用。