不同灌水量对设施番茄产量和耗水规律的影响

为探索宁夏中东部干旱地区设施番茄需水规律,在宁夏盐池进行了小区栽培试验,研究了不同灌水量对番茄产量和耗水规律的影响,结果表明,不同生长发育阶段番茄的耗水量不同,平均耗水量为1.31～3.73 mm/d;开花坐果期耗水量最大,达到7.31 mm/d;不同灌水量处理对番茄的茎叶、根的生物量及产量有显著的影响,灌水量为375 mm时产量达138 108 kg/hm2,比对照（灌水75 mm）增产75%,达到显著水平,水分利用率达到1.60 kg/m3,并初步制定了适合该地区设施番茄栽培的灌溉制度。     

北京-青海科技合作示范温室冬季性能研究

系统地分析了北京-青海科技合作示范温室的冬季性能特点,结果为冬季温室内最低温为6.5℃,持续时间为1~3 d,大多数时间温度都在20℃左右;湿度每天0：00~6：00变化不大,都在79.8%~84.6%,而且湿度和温度呈反相关;最低露点温度出现在早上6：00,露点温度和气温呈正相关;地表下10 cm深处的地温基本保持在9.5~21.7℃;冬季晴天温室内光强通常在20~30 klx,最大可达到42 klx。     

温室栽培油桃、葡萄的几项关键措施

设施农业的发展,为高寒地区反季节植物生长带来了方向性的转变。尤其是解决了制约果林业生产中的冻害问题。因而温室栽种油桃、葡萄正在大同盆地兴起,不仅解决了市场淡季供需矛盾,而且经济效益十分显著。为了获得优质高产,正在探索完善成套的栽培技术,当前应特别重视文章提出的几项关键技术。     

隆德县地膜覆盖栽培技术发展现状及存在的问题与建议

干旱少雨是影响北方旱作农业生产发展的首要因素。为了解决干旱偏干旱雨养农业区旱作农业产量低而不稳的问题,充分推广应用旱作节水农业新技术,使该项技术尽快应用于农业生产,其中推广地膜覆盖栽培是提高作物产量和增加经济效益的一项主要实用技术。但在实际的农业生产应用中还存在一些不足之处,还需进一步加强和改进。     

低碳节能技术在草莓博览园的应用

作为世界草莓最高级别的学术论坛,世界草莓大会被誉为“草莓界的奥运会”。同时来自世界各地的草莓品种也在集中建设的草莓博览园中向各界展示。通过对草莓博览园温室结构、覆盖材料、保温系统及浅层地能技术应用的介绍,展示了低碳节能技术在草莓博览园中所起到的作用。      

基于CFD模拟模型的温室温度场均匀性控制

为达到精确控制温室环境因子的目的,提出一种基于计算流体力学(CFD)模拟模型的试验设计(DOE)优化控制系统,通过正交试验设计,在尽可能少的CFD求解次数下,获得环境因子控制的最优组合;以温度场控制为例,通过引入均匀性评价指标,以CFD为计算工具不断改变控制输入的组合,使该指标达到极小,从而在原有温度定值控制基础上,使温室作物温度生长的局部差异减小,提高温室综合生产效率;最后以试验实例给出了这种方法求解的基本过程,结果表明优化后的效果明显,控制组合方式易于获得。     

棚龄对大棚土壤重金属及盐分含量的影响

阐明大棚棚龄对大棚土壤中重金属及盐分含量的影响,并为解决由此而产生的大棚蔬菜和水果的产量下降、品质变劣的问题及解决农业生产中的实践问题提供理论支持。综述了调查的不同地区和不同棚龄蔬菜大棚土壤中的重金属和盐分含量。研究发现部分大棚土壤中存在重金属污染超标现象,且随着棚龄的增加重金属含量不断上升,同时大棚土壤盐渍化趋势随栽培年限的延长愈加明显,且主要是Cl-、NO3-含量的增加。总之,大棚土壤中重金属含量升高和土壤盐渍化的原因,主要是施肥（复合肥）过量和施肥不当引起。     

Neural network modeling of greenhouse tomato yield, growth and water use from automated crop monitoring data

The recent development of tools to automatically monitor important crop attributes in situ such as yield, growth and water use offers an opportunity to relate real-time crop status to current environmental conditions. In this study, continuous minute-by-minute measurements of crop yield, growth and water use averaged over weekly, daily, or hourly intervals throughout the growing season were used to determine crop response to changes in the greenhouse environment. The data were obtained from crop monitoring stations established in both commercial and research greenhouses. Crop yield measurements obtained from the monitoring system were generally in very close agreement with yields recorded over a much larger area in the commercial greenhouse. Yield was more closely related (R² = 0.65) to radiation from the previous week than to radiation in the current week (R² = 0.56). In addition, a neural network (NN) model of yield which included radiation as an input was better at predicting yield in the following week (R² = 0.70) than yield in the current week (R² = 0.57). These results indicate a lag effect of radiation on yield. Similarly, yield was more positively related to growth from the previous week (R² = 0.32) than to growth from the current week (R² = 0.17). Neural network models of daily growth at both sites (R² = 0.74, 0.69) included day of the year, temperature and CO₂ as inputs. A negative relationship between day of the year and daily growth indicates a decline in crop vigor through the measurement period. Neural network models of daily crop water use for the two sites were stronger (R² = 0.91, 0.85) than those for growth, highlighting the difference in physiological complexity between the two. A model of canopy water status as affected by environmental conditions was generated using hourly measures of tomato canopy mass change. Although the rate of canopy mass gain through the day was often constant, there were days when the plant experienced periods of reduced mass gain mid-day. On those days, the amount of deviation from a constant rate was positively related to radiation, day temperature and water use, suggesting periods of water stress. With subsequent recovery of mass gain rates late afternoon, these deviations did not affect canopy growth for the day. Overall, automated monitoring provides new information on the crop which may readily be incorporated into models of crop performance.     

秸秆生物反应堆对温室气温和二氧化碳浓度的影响

[目的]研究秸秆生物反应堆技术的应用对茄子温室内气温和二氧化碳浓度的影响。[方法]以茄子温室为研究对象,通过栽培试验和室内测定分析方法相结合,对玉米秸秆反应堆技术应用过程中的温室内外二氧化碳浓度进行跟踪观测。[结果]秸秆生物反应堆对棚内气温有明显的提高,平均提高1.5～2.3℃,最高可以提高温室温度4℃。应用秸秆生物反应堆可以明显提高棚内二氧化碳浓度。[结论]秸秆生物反应堆技术能够明显改善温室的生态环境,解决日光温室CO2不足的矛盾,为温室蔬菜增产提供基础保证。     

低碳农业评估数学模型的研究

为系统了解各种农业生产过程中不同农艺措施与温室气体排放的定量关系,对农业生产过程中涉及温室气体排放和固碳的环节进行了详细梳理分析,并采用量纲分析法建立了低碳农业评估数学模型。利用模型可计算得到各种农业生产过程中的具体碳消耗量、温室气体排放量、温室气体回收利用量以及碳储存量,并可综合评估区域农业温室气体排放水平。