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71.
S. F. Hwang H. U. Ahmed Q. Zhou S. E. Strelkov B. D. Gossen G. Peng G. D. Turnbull 《Plant pathology》2011,60(5):820-829
The impact of cultivar resistance and inoculum density on the incidence of primary infection of canola root hairs by Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot, was assessed by microscopy. The incidence of root hair infection in both a resistant and a susceptible cultivar increased with increasing inoculum density, but was two‐ to threefold higher in the susceptible cultivar; the relationship between root hair infection and inoculum density was also substantially stronger and more consistent in the susceptible cultivar. In the susceptible cultivar, the root hair infection rate peaked between 6 and 8 days after sowing and then declined. In the resistant cultivar, it increased over the 14‐day duration of each study. It appears that examination of root hair infection by microscopy in a bait crop of susceptible canola could serve as a useful tool for estimating P. brassicae inoculum levels in soil. In a separate trial, the relationship between inoculum density and clubroot severity, plant growth parameters, and seed yield was assessed under greenhouse conditions. Inoculum density in the susceptible genotype was strongly and positively correlated with clubroot severity and negatively correlated with plant height and seed yield. In addition, a single cropping cycle of the susceptible cultivar contributed significantly higher levels of resting spores to the soil in a greenhouse test than did a cycle of the resistant cultivar, as assessed by quantitative PCR and microscope analysis. 相似文献
72.
A SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay was developed to detect and quantify Plasmodiophora brassicae ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A pair of primers PBF1/PBR1 was designed based on the conservative region of rDNA-ITS of P. brassicae. The positive plasmid pB12 was obtained and used as the template to create standard curve. The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of real-time PCR were evaluated respectively. Naturally and artificially infested soil samples containing different concentrations of P. brassicae were detected. The results demonstrated that standard curve established by recombinant plasmid was shown a fine linear relationship between threshold cycle and template concentration. The melting curve was specific with the correlation coefficient of 0.995 and that the amplification efficiency was 93.8%. The detection limit of P. brassicae genomic DNA was approximately 40 copies per 25 μL. The sensitivity of the assay was at least 100-fold higher than conventional PCR. Only DNA from P. brassicae could be amplified and detected using this assay, suggesting the highly specific of this assay. The coefficient of variation was less than 3%, indicating the PCR method revealed high reproducibility. The detection limit in soil samples corresponded to 1 000 resting spores g-1 soil. Bait plants were used to validate the real-time PCR assay. This developed real-time PCR assay allows for fast and sensitive detection of P. brassicae in soil and should be useful in disease management and pest interception so as to prevent further spread of P. brassicae. Abstract A SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay was developed to detect and quantify Plasmodiophora brassicae ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS). A pair of primers PBF1/PBR1 was designed based on the conservative region of rDNA-ITS of P. brassicae. The positive plasmid pB12 was obtained and used as the template to create standard curve. The specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of real-time PCR were evaluated respectively. Naturally and artificially infested soil samples containing different concentrations of P. brassicae were detected. The results demonstrated that standard curve established by recombinant plasmid was shown a fine linear relationship between threshold cycle and template concentration. The melting curve was specific with the correlation coefficient of 0.995 and that the amplification efficiency was 93.8%. The detection limit of P. brassicae genomic DNA was approximately 40 copies per 25 μL. The sensitivity of the assay was at least 100-fold higher than conventional PCR. Only DNA from P. brassicae could be amplified and detected using this assay, suggesting the highly specific of this assay. The coefficient of variation was less than 3%, indicating the PCR method revealed high reproducibility. The detection limit in soil samples corresponded to 1 000 resting spores g-1 soil. Bait plants were used to validate the real-time PCR assay. This developed real-time PCR assay allows for fast and sensitive detection of P. brassicae in soil and should be useful in disease management and pest interception so as to prevent further spread of P. brassicae.
73.
为探寻根肿菌侵染拟南芥后期寄主代谢的生物标志物,将罹患根肿病的油菜根切块进行组织培养,获得较为纯化的、单一的根肿菌接种体,与拟南芥种子在1/2MS培养基上共培养,利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LCMS)技术的非靶向代谢组学方法分析根肿菌侵染后期拟南芥根部代谢物差异。组织培养结果表明,根肿菌可以在愈伤组织中生长和繁殖;共培养结果显示45d后拟南芥侧根尖端肿大,显微观察显示根肿菌能完成侵染循环;代谢组数据PCA和PLS-DA分析结果显示试验组(接种根肿菌)和对照组(未接种根肿菌)明显分离;OPLSDA分析和t检验结果表明重要的差异代谢物包括油菜素内酯、类黄酮、木质素、萜类、甾体皂苷和磷脂等物质。提示这些物质可能在根肿菌侵染后期时拟南芥与根肿菌的相互作用中起重要作用。 相似文献
74.
75.
为明确芸薹根肿菌Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.在其它寄主中是否广泛存在无性短循环及次生游动孢子的侵染致病性,以不结球白菜为寄主培养3批幼苗(G1、G2和G3),用休眠孢子悬浮液接种G1,被侵染的G1接种G2,被侵染的G2接种G3,采用离心管水培法研究其侵染致病性。结果显示,无性短循环研究中,G1、G2和G3根毛均被侵染,除G3并株接种侵染率为33.33%外,其它处理侵染率均在50.00%以上,根毛里有明显的游动孢子囊;次生游动孢子能侵染不结球白菜的皮层组织,致使不结球白菜发病形成明显的肿根;G1、G2和G3水培发病率为20.00%、15.00%和6.00%,砂培发病率为22.50%、18.75%和7.50%;G3肿根病理切片中可观察到休眠孢子。表明芸薹根肿菌侵染不结球白菜时,其生活史中存在无性短循环,次生游动孢子具有侵染致病作用。 相似文献
76.
为准确、快速、便捷检测出土壤中根肿病菌休眠孢子量,应用所建立的根肿病菌实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测技术,测定了湖南湘潭县响水乡、长沙县路口镇、桃江县桃花江镇十字花科作物根肿病发生地的42份土样的休眠孢子数量。检测结果表明,40份土样的根肿病菌休眠孢子量为(2.76×104~4.37×106)个/g;休眠孢子量≥104个/g的土壤均有根肿病发生,而休眠孢子量为8.42×102、9.78×102个/g的2份土样未发生根肿病,说明当土壤中根肿病菌休眠孢子量≥104个/g时,根肿病害易发生。 相似文献
77.
【目的】比较油菜根肿病菌与十字花科蔬菜根肿病菌的形态是否存在差异。研究油菜根肿病菌休眠孢子的生物学特性,为防治油菜根肿病提供依据。【方法】应用扫描电镜观察油菜根肿病菌的形态特征和休眠孢子至管腔的形态演变过程。采用地衣红染色,观测不同根分泌物和条件对休眠孢子萌发的影响。【结果】休眠孢子近球形,有乳突,直径为1.9~4.3μm(平均3.5μm),大于甘蓝根肿菌休眠孢子(2.5μm);透射电镜下游动孢子近球形、肾形或椭圆形,直径为1.6~3.5μm(平均2.8μm),同侧生不等长尾鞭式双鞭毛。休眠孢子萌发形成游动孢子、休止孢、休止孢再生出侵入结构管腔。休眠孢子萌发的最适温度是24℃,最适pH值是6.3,腐烂处理促进休眠孢子萌发,光抑制休眠孢子萌发,休眠孢子在过滤灭菌的根分泌物中萌发率最高为62.50%。致死温度为48℃。【结论】油菜根肿病菌与十字花科甘蓝根肿病菌休眠孢子大小有明显差异,观察到休眠孢子至管腔的过程。油菜根肿菌休眠孢子的萌发条件与该病发生条件相一致。 相似文献
78.
枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1提取物对11种植物病原菌的抑制作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用盐酸和甲醇抽提法,提取了枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1(Bacillus subtilis XF-1)的抑菌物质。以该提取物处理根肿菌孢子2 d,有50%孢子活性被抑制;处理9 d后,孢子萌发相对抑制率始终保持在90%以上。提取物对三七根腐病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、禾谷镰刀菌、魔芋基腐菌、烟草赤星菌生长抑制率分别为71.97%、62.23%、60.96%、60.70%和57.92%。 相似文献
79.
建立了土壤中芸薹根肿菌荧光定量PCR(qPCR)快速检测及风险预警体系。确定了芸薹根肿菌qPCR检测的特异性引物PbF/PbR,对根肿菌质粒DNA的检测灵敏度为1.612×10-6 ng·μL-1,比普通PCR高出1 000倍;对土壤和基质中芸薹根肿菌孢子的最低检测下限均为10 个·g-1,而土壤和基质带菌的发病阈值分别为100和1 000 个·g-1,高于该浓度时根肿病发生风险大。本研究建立的芸薹根肿菌qPCR技术体系检测下限远低于发病阈值,可以快速、准确、定量地检测出采自四川绵阳、湖北恩施、江苏无锡、山东青岛、辽宁沈阳、山西运城、内蒙古巴彦淖尔和宁夏固原等8个地区的27份田间土壤中芸薹根肿菌的数量,实现对十字花科根肿病的监测预警,为制定产前病害防控方案提供依据。 相似文献
80.
为明确我国各地根肿病菌致病性的不同,分别使用Williams 鉴别系统和具有不同根肿病抗性的4 个大白菜品种对采自全国多地的20 份大白菜根肿病菌菌源进行生理小种和致病型的划分。利用Williams 鉴别系统进行鉴定,其中18 份为4 号生理小种,2 份为2 号生理小种。利用4 个大白菜品种进行鉴定,根据致病力不同划分为6 种类型,其中4 号生理小种存在6 种类型,2 号生理小种存在2 种类型。认为Williams 鉴别系统已不能精确划分大白菜根肿病菌的生理小种,而研究筛选具有不同抗病类型的大白菜品种(品系)鉴定划分根肿病菌致病型具有重要意义。 相似文献