The discovery of Jenner in 1798 founded the science of immunology and eventually led to smallpox eradication from the earth in 1980 after a world-wide vaccination campaign with vaccinia virus (another poxvirus) and paradoxically, despite the eradication of smallpox, there has been an explosion of interest in vaccinia virus in the eighties. This interest has stemmed in part from the application of molecular genetics to clone and express foreign genes from recombinant vaccinia viruses. Vaccinia is also gaining renewed interest due to bioterrorism.
These recombinant viruses have multiple applications in research and vaccinology and led to the development of vectored vaccines, such as the recombinant vaccinia rabies vaccine used to eliminate rabies in Western Europe and, more recently, in the United States. Secondly, alternative poxvirus vectors, such as avipox viruses, were proved to be even safer and efficacious non-replicating vectors (suiciole vectors) when used in non-avian species. 相似文献
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae and the etiological agent of the economically most important animal disease. As a typical picornavirus, FMD virions are nonenveloped particles of icosahedral symmetry and its genome is a single stranded RNA of about 8500 nucleotides and of positive polarity. FMDV RNA is infectious and it replicates via a complementary, minus strand RNA. FMDV RNA replication is error-prone so that viral populations consist of mutant spectra (quasispecies) rather than a defined genomic sequence. Therefore FMDV in nature is genetically and antigenically diverse. This poses important challenges for the diagnosis, prevention and control of FMD. A deeper understanding of FMDV population complexity and evolution has suggested requirements for a new generation of anti-FMD vaccines. This is relevant to the current debate on the adequacy of non-vaccination versus vaccination policies for the control of FMD.
Résumé
Le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est un aphtovirus de la famille des Picornaviridae et l'agent de la maladie animale la plus importante sur le plan économique. En tant que picornavirus typique, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est nu, sous forme d'icosaèdre et son génome comprend un acide ribonucléique monobrin avec environ 8500 nucléotides et une polarité positive. L'acide ribonucléique de ce virus est infectieux et il se réplique par l'intermédiaire d'un brin d'ARN moins, complémentaire. La réplication de l'acide nucléique de ce virus conduit à des erreurs, de telle sorte que les populations virales comprennent un ensemble de mutants (quasi espèce) plutôt qu'une séquence génomique bien définie. Par suite, le virus de la fièvre aphteuse est génétiquement et antigéniquement varié. Ceci entraîne des difficultés importantes pour le diagnostic, la prévention et la maîtrise de la fièvre aphteuse. Une connaissance plus approfondie de la complexité et de l'évolution de la population de ce virus a conduit à des besoins pour une nouvelle génération de vaccines aphteux. Ceci est lié au débat actuel sur le choix d'une politique de vaccination ou de non-vaccination dans la lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse. 相似文献
Platelet aggregation before and after administration of 0.5 mg/m2 of vincristine (VCR) was evaluated in 7 dogs with spontaneously occuring lymphoma. Aggregation on platelet-rich plasma separated from blood collected in 3.8% sodium citrate was performed using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid (AA), and collagen (COL) as agonists. The slope for aggregation in response to ADP was significantly lower after administration of VCR (P = .032). Maximal aggregation after administration of VCR was significantly lower in response to ADP, COL, and AA (P = .03, P = .04, and P = .03, respectively). 相似文献