羊草与灰色赖草杂种F1再生体系的建立

对羊草(Leymus chinensis)与灰色赖草(Leymus cinereus)杂种F1幼穗进行离体培养,建立了杂种F1植株再生体系.结果表明:不含任何激素的MS培养基是最佳的分化培养基,分化成苗率为66%;2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导及其质地的改造有重要作用;3.0 mg/L 2,4-D MS培养基愈伤组织诱导率最高,为68%;2.0 mg/L 2、4-D MS诱导的愈伤组织胚性最强;诱导率与分化率没有直线对应关系;再生体系的建立为杂种F1育性恢复的研究奠定了基础.     

Effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pythium ultimum</Emphasis> on tomato plants

The effect of indole-acetic acid (IAA) on the development of symptoms caused by Pythium ultimum on tomato plants was investigated using different bioassays. Application of IAA (5 μg ml⁻¹) on tomato seedlings inoculated with P. ultimum did not affect their emergence suggesting that IAA did not affect the severity of Pythium damping-off. However, IAA was shown to influence the development of P. ultimum symptoms on tomato plantlets. Low concentrations of IAA (0–0.1 μg ml⁻¹) within the rhizosphere of plantlets increased the severity of the symptoms caused by P. ultimum, while higher concentrations (10 μg ml⁻¹), applied either by drenching to the growing medium or by spraying on the shoot, reduced the symptoms caused by this pathogen. In addition, the study demonstrated that P. ultimum produces IAA in liquid culture amended with L-tryptophan, tryptamine or tryptophol (200 μg ml⁻¹) and in unamended culture.     

几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱试验效果

为探索防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱安全高效的药剂,减少农药用量,降低残留,使生产的白萝卜符合出口国要求,我们选择了几种药剂防治白萝卜蚜虫、烟粉虱的药剂,进行了田间试验。试验表明,在蚜虫、烟粉虱混合发生初期,用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂15g/667m2,其药后5d、7d对蚜虫校正防效达到97.8%、95.8%;用1%除虫菊素-苦参碱微囊悬浮剂75mL/667m2,其药后5d、7d对烟粉虱校正防效达到73.9%、78.2%,在生产上应每隔7d用药1次,连用2次。以上2种药剂对白萝卜安全且有较好的防治效果。     

我国蔬菜原生质体培养研究进展

综述了国内学者对蔬菜原生质体培养包括原生质体的来源和预处理,原生质体的分离和培养,再生植株的获得以及原生质体融合等方面的研究进展。     

小麦叶疫病检疫研究

介绍了１９９２￣１９９５年间小麦叶疫病检疫研究的主要结果。研究证实我国局部地区已有叶疫病发生,分离得到了１１个小麦链格孢菌株,并研究了其生物学特性,确定了小麦链格孢的鉴定条件和鉴别标准,发现分生孢子链长度和分枝状况是区分类似种类的主要特征。提出了病株诊断方法和种子带菌的快速检验方法,后者包括吸水纸培养检验法和ＧＬＵＺＡ鉴别性培养基培养检验法,根据研究结果和国外发病动态,提出了有关检疫对策的建议。     

植物凝集素对桃蚜生长发育的影响

通过实验 ,研究了来自三种不同植物的植物凝集素 (ConA、STA和WGA)对桃蚜生长发育的影响 ,发现这三种植物凝集素对桃蚜均有一定的拒食性 ,并且对桃蚜的蜜露分泌量、平均相对生长速率以及存活率均有一定的影响 ,其中以STA的影响最为显著 ,WGA次之 ,ConA为最弱     

Reduced inter-row distance improves yield and competition against weeds in a semi-dwarf durum wheat variety

Weed and nutrient management in cropping systems of semi-arid areas is a major constraint to cereal yield. Where the use of herbicides is banned or discouraged, the competitive ability of a crop is crucial to reduce weed growth and diffusion. Genotypic differences in the competitive abilities of crops are an important trait to reduce weeds, especially for plant height. However, there is contrasting information about the interactions of other management practices and genotypic traits on wheat yield and competitive ability against weeds and weed growth. The present study investigated yield and quality of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and weed growth and composition for two wheat cultivars with contrasting competitive abilities against weeds. Wheat was grown under three spatial arrangements (5-cm, 15-cm, 25-cm inter-row distance) and three sowing densities, and broadleaf weeds were either removed or not. The sowing rate did not affect the yield of these wheat cultivars or the weed growth. Reduced inter-row distance dramatically reduced weed biomass for both wheat cultivars, and increased wheat yield and nitrogen uptake in the low-competitive, high-yielding, semi-dwarf cv. ‘PR22D89’, when both weed free and with weeds. These results have direct implications for weed and nutrient management in low-input and organic cropping systems.     

植物性抗生育剂防治幼林地兔害研究

在山西省吕梁山国有林管理局下李林场新造油松和侧柏混交林内,以20m×40m的面积投放一堆植物性抗生育剂和红胡萝卜混合药饵200g,对照地不放药。通过对施药前后试验地与对照地兔粪和苗木为害率调查数据进行统计分析,结果表明,与对照相比,投放植物性抗生育剂能显著减少幼林地内野兔活动频率和对苗木的为害。     

Effects of AMF inoculation on growth of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings and on soil structures in mycorrhizosphere

We aimed to investigate the effects of inoculating Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer seedlings with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by examining the root colonization, plant nutrition uptake, growth characteristics, and soil aggregation of P. ginseng seedlings inoculated at the time of transplantation. At 16 weeks, the AMF spore density per 30 g of fresh mycorrhizosphere in seedlings inoculated with AMF (AMF+ seedlings) was 256.8 and that in seedlings not inoculated with AMF (AMF− seedlings) was 186.3, respectively. The colonization rate of AMF in the lateral roots of AMF+ seedlings was approximately 19% higher than that in the lateral roots of AMF− seedlings. The patterns of AMF colonization in ginseng roots were similar to those of the Paris-type mycorrhizal association. Plant growth characteristics, such as plant height, root length, leaf area, number of lateral roots, fresh weight of shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content, were significantly enhanced in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. The macronutrient content (P, K, and Ca) and micronutrient content (Cu, Fe, and Zn) of both shoots and roots were also significantly higher in AMF+ seedlings compared to AMF− seedlings. Furthermore, glomalin content and soil aggregation were significantly enhanced in AMF inoculated areas. Our results indicate that AMF inoculation may enhance the growth of ginseng seedlings by improving the uptake of mineral nutrients and the soil structure in mycorrhizosphere.