热处理对圆盘豆地板材颜色的影响

采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体,于160、180、200、220℃分别对圆盘豆木材进行热处理试验。结果表明,热处理后圆盘豆木材颜色发生明显变化。随着热处理温度升高,木材明度L*下降,红绿色品指数a*变化不明显,黄蓝色品指数b*下降,色差△E*增大,木材表面颜色加深,并且木材径面色差值大于弦面及横截面色差值,表面色差值大于其内部色差值。     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

辽东地区赤松落针病病原真菌的分类鉴定

对辽东主要地区发生落针病的赤松针叶上采集病害标本,室内进行分类鉴定,确定了在赤松针叶上有5种真菌,均是活体寄生。按照Minter（1981）分类标准进行了形态学种的分类鉴定,最后确定了5种真菌的分类地位,5个种分别为针叶树散斑壳菌、松散斑壳菌、光亮散斑壳菌、雪松散斑壳、小环绵盘菌。其中有3个种为我国赤松寄主上新记录种。     

杨树树皮挥发物的超临界萃取及对青杨脊虎天牛行为的影响

通过正交试验研究以收率为指标的CO2超临界萃取小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取工艺条件.结果表明:萃取压力25 MPa、温度50℃、时间60 min为小叶杨树皮挥发物的最佳萃取条件,收率为3.56%;依此条件分别萃取白城二号杨、小黑杨、俄罗斯杨、中东杨、小青杨、小青×黑杨、大青杨、斯大林杨、银中杨和小叶杨的树皮挥发物.采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对挥发物的化学组成及相对含量进行测定.结果表明:挥发性物质主要包括醛类、酯类、酸类、烃类等化合物,其中以酸类物质含量最高,其他物质含量均较低;萘、醌、奠、酮等大分子物质含量较少;中东杨和斯大林杨树皮中特异化合物种类较多.同时利用"Y"形嗅觉仪测定青杨脊虎天牛对10种杨树树皮100 μL挥发物的行为反应.结果表明,雄成虫对小青杨的选择率54.17%,为最高;雌成虫对小青x黑杨的最大选择率为58.33%,其次是对小青杨和中东杨的选择率54.17%.雄成虫对10种杨树树皮CO_2超临界萃取液的选择率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而雌成虫呈显著差异(P＜0.05).     

思茅松容器苗嫁接技术试验研究

2012~2013年,在普洱市林科所开展了思茅松嫁接试验,对砧木采用容器育苗,穗条采自优树收集圃,嫁接方法为侧劈接法。分析认为,在嫁接削面长度试验中,成活率最高的是8 cm,成活率达94%;月份嫁接试验中,成活率最高的月份是5月份和10月份,成活率分别为93%和92%。     

赤峰地区杨树人工林碳储量研究

以赤峰市杨树人工林为研究对象,对不同立地、不同林龄、不同林种杨树生物量、碳储量进行研究,结果表明:杨树人工林生物量随着树龄、胸径、树高的增长而增加,各个器官的生物量也不相同,干的生物量最大,叶的生物量最小,生物量依次顺序为:干根枝叶。树干的平均碳含量最大,为471.00 g/kg,根为461.14 g/kg,枝为468.00 g/kg,叶最小,为446.20 g/kg,不同器官的含碳率大小排序为树干树根树枝树叶。杨树人工林胸径与单株碳储量,树高、胸径与生物量、单株碳储量模型均符合乘幂模型,模型拟合率均大于80%。杨树人工林乔木层平均碳储量为37.783 t/hm2,赤峰地区杨树人工林乔木层碳储总量为26 539 627.38 t。     

杨树人工林不同栽培模式碳储量研究

通过对赤峰市敖汉旗平缓固定沙地杨树人工林纯林、杨树与樟子松混交林、杨树与柠条混交林3种营林模式的不同树种的标准木生物量、碳含量进行测定,估算出不同模式单位面积生物量和碳储量。结果表明:相同林龄(20年生)不同营林模式碳储量差异较显著,其中杨树人工纯林碳储量最大为41.04 t/hm2,杨树与柠条混交林碳储量较小为21.6110 t/hm2,杨树与樟子松混交林碳储量最小为20.607 t/hm2。     

油松容器苗育苗期的施肥试验

利用油松容器苗,进行了氮、磷、钾配比施肥对苗木生长量、生物量和苗木质量的影响试验研究。结果表明,不同施肥处理对油松容器苗各项生长指标均存在显著性差异：氮、磷、钾平衡施肥能够促进油松容器苗的生长量,通过6个配方的施肥试验,筛选出配方试验2（氮、磷、钾比例为2∶1∶1）和配方试验3（氮、磷、钾比例为2∶1∶2）最佳,其苗木质量指数分别为1.18和1.10。     

种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响

[目的]为了揭示种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响,为油松人工林经营管理提供理论依据.[方法]基于中条山油松人工林群落样地调查数据,分析油松人工林下主要植物的种间关联性、生态位重叠及群落稳定性,并在此基础上探讨种间关联和生态位理论在油松人工林天然更新障碍及群落稳定性形成机制中的作用.[结果]中条山油松...