LRH－A_3诱导初情期前母猪发情排卵的效果和机理研究

本研究探讨了ＬＲＨ－Ａ３诱导初情期前北京黑猪发情排卵的效果及其内分泌机理。对６头１５０日龄母猪肌注ＬＲＨ－Ａ３，７５μｇ／头。在注射后０，１，２，３和４ｈ及注射后１，２，３和４ｄ采血测定ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、Ｅ２和Ｐ４浓度。注射后１０ｄ取卵巢，根据卵巢上黄体数计算排卵率。结果表明：注射ＬＲＨ－Ａ３后，出现排卵和卵巢囊肿的母猪分别为４头（６６．７％）和２头（３３．７％）。４头排卵母猪中的３头和２头卵巢囊肿母猪中的１头有发情表现。排卵的母猪，分别在注射后１ｈ和３ｈ出现ＬＨ和ＦＳＨ峰；注射后２ｄＥ２浓度最高，３ｄ和４ｄＰ４浓度上升。发生卵巢囊肿的母猪，注射后１ｈ出现明显低于排卵母猪的ＬＨ峰，而ＦＳＨ浓度没有上升，Ｅ２和Ｐ４在３ｄ和４ｄ都增加。通过试验认为，初情期前母猪的卵巢对ＬＲＨ－Ａ３至少有两种反应，即排卵或卵巢囊肿。     

柱塞偶件密封与润滑的研究与分析

应用油膜理论和缝隙液流理论,分析了喷油泵柱塞偶件的燃油密封与润滑,提出了确定柱塞偶件最小间隙的基本理论与分析方法.在此基础上,针对当前典型直列燃油喷射系统,对喷油泵运行过程中柱塞偶件的燃油泄漏、缝隙压力、柱塞腔压力、偶件配合间隙及其变化等进行了模拟计算与分析,为柱塞偶件设计和工艺改进提供了理论依据.     

罗伯茨虫草及其无性型活性成分分析

以10株野生罗伯茨虫草及其无性型罗伯茨被毛孢液体发酵菌丝体为研究对象,采用比色法和高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分别测定其多糖、甘露醇、尿嘧啶、尿苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤、腺苷及虫草素等活性成分含量,并与西藏那曲野生冬虫夏草作比较。结果表明,罗伯茨虫草尿嘧啶含量高于冬虫夏草,尿苷、鸟苷、腺嘌呤、腺苷含量与冬虫夏草接近,而多糖和虫草素含量与冬虫夏草差距较大。在10株罗伯茨被毛孢中,菌株HRT06的多糖、尿苷、鸟苷及腺苷含量最高,与其余菌株有显著性差异（p〈0.05）,且菌株HRT06的腺苷含量为0.140 mg·g-1,达到中国药典冬虫夏草腺苷含量不得少于0.100 mg·g-1的规定,可以筛选作为优良菌株加以利用。本研究测定罗伯茨虫草及其无性型罗伯茨被毛孢活性成分含量,为综合评价罗伯茨虫草应用价值及其开发利用提供科学依据。     

芝麻NBS类抗茎点枯病相关基因的克隆与分析

根据前期获得的芝麻抗茎点枯病NBS RGAs序列与河南省芝麻研究中心提供的EST 序列比对结果,设计4对特异引物,从10个对茎点枯病表现不同抗性的芝麻品种中扩增得到16条RGAs（抗病基因同源序列）,GenBank登录号分别为KC477692～KC477707,它们编码的氨基酸序列均具有NBS （核苷酸结合位点）类型抗病基因的特征结构域。Blastx分析结果表明,16个RGAs基因编码的部分氨基酸序列与已知 NBS类抗病蛋白同源性为35％～52％。聚类分析发现这些RGAs基因聚为4类,且均为non TIR NBS类型,为进一步筛选芝麻抗茎点枯病基因奠定了基础。     

Differential Effects of Continuous Exposure to the Investigational Metastin/Kisspeptin Analog TAK-683 on Pulsatile and Surge Mode Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone in Ovariectomized Goats

The aim of the present study was to determine if the estradiol-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) surge is influenced by the constant exposure to TAK-683, an investigational metastin/kisspeptin analog, that had been established to depress the pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH secretion in goats. Ovariectomized goats subcutaneously received TAK-683 (TAK-683 group, n=6) or vehicle (control group, n=6) constantly via subcutaneous implantation of an osmotic pump. Five days after the start of the treatment, estradiol was infused intravenously in both groups to evaluate the effects on the LH surge. Blood samples were collected at 6-min intervals for 4 h prior to the initiation of either the TAK-683 treatment or the estradiol infusion, to determine the profiles of pulsatile LH secretion. They were also collected at 2-h intervals from –4 h to 32 h after the start of estradiol infusion for analysis of LH surges. The frequency and mean concentrations of LH pulses in the TAK-683 group were remarkably suppressed 5 days after the start of TAK-683 treatment compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). On the other hand, a clear LH surge was observed in all animals of both groups. There were no significant differences in the LH concentrations for surge peak and the peak time of the LH surge between the TAK-683 and control groups. These findings suggest that the effects of continuous exposure to kisspeptin or its analog on the mechanism(s) that regulates the pulsatile and surge mode secretion of GnRH/LH are different in goats.     

Effects of juvenile hormone analog formulations on development and reproduction in the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

BACKGROUND: Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) have become a common insect pest in urban areas and are often difficult to manage. Eradication is made more problematic by widespread insecticide resistance, raising interest in alternative control products. Juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) such as methoprene and hydroprene are relatively harmless to non‐arthropods and have proved to be effective against other urban insect pests. Two JHA products (Gentrol^® and Precor^®, Central Life Sciences, Schaumburg, IL) were tested for efficacy against various bed bug stages as direct spray and as dry residue using three bed bug strains. RESULTS: At 1× and 2× the label rate, Precor^® [active ingredient (S)‐methoprene] had no significant effect on the development or fecundity of bed bugs. At 2× the label rate, confinement to residues of Gentrol^® [active ingredient (S)‐hydroprene] had no significant effect, but residues at 3× and 10× the label rate caused a reduction in fecundity and impaired development. Field strains were more susceptible to the reproductive effects of (S)‐hydroprene than a long‐maintained laboratory strain. CONCLUSIONS: While JHAs are attractive alternatives for pest management because of their inherent safety and distinct mode of action, these JHA formulations would have little impact on bed bug populations without relabeling to allow for higher application rates. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Effect of Different Types of Fibers on Protein Quality of Crab Leg Analog Paste and Gel Made from Alaska Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of wheat, citrus, and carrot fiber on protein oxidation and denaturation of crab leg analog pastes and gels produced from Alaska pollock surimi. There were no significant differences between protein carbonyl contents of the crab leg analog pastes with and without dietary fibers (DF; p > 0.05). The extractability of salt soluble protein in crab leg analog pastes significantly decreased by the addition of DF (p < 0.05), whereas it did not change in the crab leg analog gels (p > 0.05). The electrophoretic patterns in the pastes and gels showed that the addition of carrot fiber followed by wheat fiber and citrus fiber protected the degradation of myosin heavy chains in paste.     

水稻品种稻瘟病抗性和抗病基因同源序列多态性分析

 【目的】明晰水稻抗瘟性表型和抗病基因同源序列多态性之间的关系,了解广谱、持久抗瘟性的分子遗传基础。【方法】利用25个稻瘟病鉴别品种（系）和20个水稻品种（系）在人工接种条件下的对稻瘟病单孢菌株的抗性表型和抗病基因同源序列（resistance gene analogs,RGA）多态性进行聚类比较分析。【结果】以单孢菌株接种的抗性表型聚类,取相似系数0.450,可将45个品种（系）划分为A、B两大类;取相似系数0.618,A、B两大类又分别可分为ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅲ、ⅳ等4个亚类。以抗病基因同源序列多态性聚类,取遗传相似系数0.620,可将45个品种（系）划归Ⅰ,Ⅱ两类,这两类明显地趋向籼粳两亚种划分;取遗传相似系数0.783时,类群Ⅰ又可划分为ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅲ、ⅳ、ⅴ、ⅵ等6个亚类,类群Ⅱ又可划分为ⅰ、ⅱ、ⅲ、ⅳ、ⅴ、ⅵ、ⅶ等7个亚类。用抗感单孢稻瘟病菌表型聚类,倾向于抗谱相似的聚为一类;按RGA 相似性聚类,倾向于遗传背景相近的聚为一类。对于抗病频率低或是抗病频率高的品种两者类与类之间有较好的对应关系,但总体看来类与类之间没有明显的对应关系。【结论】在抗稻瘟病育种方面,对亲本材料进行单孢菌株抗性鉴定和抗病基因同源序列多态性分析,可以更准确地反映亲本抗性遗传背景,从而避免同一抗源反复使用,还可以丰富培育品种的抗性遗传基础和延长品种抗性。     

核苷类抗乙肝新药对孕鼠的生殖毒性影响研究

对不同试验组怀孕母鼠,在怀孕第6～15天每天通过尾静脉注射不同剂量的核苷类似物溶液(分别为大鼠有效剂量的40、20、10倍).怀孕第20天进行剖检,记录怀孕子宫质量、黄体数、早、晚期吸收胎数、活胎数和死胎数;活胎仔判断性别、称量质量后进行外观畸形和变异检查,以确定该供试品对SD大鼠母体、胚胎-胎仔发育和致畸性的影响.结果表明,核苷类似物供试品低、中剂量组孕鼠的体质量增长量、早晚期吸收胎数、窝平均活胎数、胎盘平均质量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),高剂量组的孕鼠的体质量增长量、胎仔死胎数,有死胎的母鼠数与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).     

运用抗性基因同源序列标记快速进行水稻种质资源DNA指纹图谱分析

用2个抗性基因同源序列(RGA)引物分析了菲律宾国家水稻所水稻种质资源库中265个抗或感水稻东格鲁病(RTV)的种质资源的遗传差异。引物CLRR的分辨能力极高,共扩增出了48条多态带,平均每个品种28.6条。每个品种平均扩增出46.9条多态带。DNA指纹图谱分析结果表明,通过变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,RGA引物能有效地分析群体材料在分子遗传上的差异,这说明RGA标记是水稻种质资源DNA指纹快速识别的理想选择。通过聚类分析还发现本研究的水稻品种间存在很大的遗传差异。