藏北高寒植被地上生物量与土壤环境因子的关系

用样带法研究藏北高寒植被地上生物量与土壤环境因子之间的关系,对高寒植被地上生物量和7个土壤指标进行相关性分析和回归分析,结果表明:高寒草原到高寒荒漠植被,群落组成逐渐趋于简单化.土壤环境因子影响高寒植被地上生物量,0～10cm土层的土壤有机碳、有效氮、全磷和速效磷与高寒植被地上生物量极显著正相关(P<0.01);10～20cm土层的土壤总有机碳和全磷与高寒植被地上生物量极显著正相关(P<0.01);20～30cm土层的土壤各环境因子与高寒植被地上生物量的关系均未达到显著水平.     

华北地区冬小麦优化灌溉的水分指标与节水性,抗逆性分析

介绍了冬小麦优化灌溉的水分指标及传统灌溉的区别，并在总结分析试验研究结果的基础上用对比的方法阐述了优化灌溉的节水，节能，抗逆和增产原理。     

陕北粮食生产潜力及土地人口承载力研究

在光温生产潜力计算的基础上,经过降水、土壤肥力和土壤质量等自然因素的订正,分析了陕北的土地生产潜力和粮食生产潜力。通过对陕北主要粮食作物产量分析,采用产潜比增长速度法预测了2010年和2020年的粮食产量,并据此计算2010年和2020年的潜在人口最大承载量,提出了陕北建立稳定协调可持续发展的人地关系的关键。     

Conservation biology for suites of species: Demographic modeling for Pacific island kingfishers

Conservation practitioners frequently extrapolate data from single-species investigations when managing critically endangered populations. However, few researchers initiate work with the intent of making findings useful to conservation efforts for other species. We presented and explored the concept of conducting conservation-oriented research for suites of geographically separated populations with similar natural histories, resource needs, and extinction threats. An example was provided in the form of an investigation into the population demography of endangered Micronesian kingfishers (Todiramphus cinnamominus). We provided the first demographic parameter estimates for any of the 12 endangered Pacific Todiramphus species, and used results to develop a population projection matrix model for management throughout the insular Pacific. Further, we used the model for elasticity and simulation analyses with demographic values that randomly varied across ranges that might characterize congener populations. Results from elasticity and simulation analyses indicated that changes in breeding adult survival exerted the greatest magnitude of influence on population dynamics. However, changes in nestling survival were more consistently correlated with population dynamics as demographic rates were randomly altered. We concluded that conservation practitioners working with endangered Pacific kingfishers should primarily focus efforts on factors affecting nestling and breeder survival, and secondarily address fledgling juveniles and helpers. Further, we described how the generalized base model might be changed to focus on individual populations and discussed the potential application of multi-species models to other conservation situations.     

南水北调东线工程对上海地区生态环境的影响及应对措施

南水北调东线工程实施后,长江枯水期对其污水自净能力将会有一定程度的降低,因此,目前上海市污水排放会对长江口湿地和河口生态环境的影响将发生微妙的变化。通过分析近10年来长江口生态环境的变化趋势,及上海市污水排放和治理现状,研究了南水北调东线工程调水后对上海地区生态环境新的主要影响,并针对污水排放及长江口生态环境问题,分别提出了相应的建议性应对措施。     

中国北方红色土壤分类问题的探讨

现今出露于中国北方地表的红色土壤是在红色古土壤和红色古风化壳上发育的,而且大多经历了不连续的成土过程。中国北方红色土壤分布广泛、成因复杂,在分类中还存在着许多问题。从20世纪70年代末至今,我国土壤分类经历了由土壤发生学分类向土壤系统分类的重大转变,对北方红色土壤的分类也进行了多次修订。虽然每次修订都有所改进,但直到目前关于北方红色土壤的分类位置问题仍没有得到彻底解决。因此,今后需要对中国北方红色土壤的形成过程及土壤的性态特征和理化性状进行深入研究,建立适合北方红色土壤系统分类的诊断层和诊断特性,以明确中国北方红色土壤在系统分类中的位置,进一步完善中国土壤系统分类。     

华北地区水安全问题的研究与展望

This paper addresses the emergence of water security problems in North China with the aim of highlighting key water resources management and water security issues for the long-term development of North China. Three key problems related to water resources and security issues in North China in the 21st century are addressed, namely 1) the water cycle under environmental change, 2) agricultural water saving, and 3) water security. Development of international research related to these issues is also reviewed. The research plan developed recently by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is discussed and suggestions on research and development of water resources science in North China are presented. Thanks to focus on experimental catchments and dedicated research stations, a detailed knowledge of the water cycle on North China farmland has been compiled. A range of techniques that include isotope tracers has been used to acquire hydrologic data. Much research has been devoted to developing distributed hydrological models at different scales. In the well irrigation district, five different water saving irrigation regimes have been investigated, and these regimes have had widespread application, and reduced water use 60-150 mm while they increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 20%-30%. Furthermore, preventing water pollution is the most essential step to ensure North China's water security.     

中国北方13省土地利用景观格局变化分析(1989～1999)

以北方13省为研究区，对该区1989～1999年的宏观土地利用景观格局变化进行了分析。结果表明：决定该区景观格局的主体要素类型为草地、难利用地和林地．其次为耕地。1989～1999年期间，区内景观异质性程度在逐渐提高．土地利用向着多样化和均匀化方向发展。景观空间格局变化特征是：耕地、林地和城镇用地破碎度最大；林地、草地和水域受到人类活动的严重干扰．斑块空间分布不断分散和破碎化．分离度和破碎度指标增加。草地的破碎度增加最为显著，严重影响该区农牧业的正常生产。景观要素之间的转化关系主要表现为林、草地和耕地之间的相互转化．以及草地退化为难利用地。表征了该区生态建设实践和生态破坏活动的相互作用以及草地的严重退化趋势．说明北方13省存在较为严重生态环境问题．急需解决。     

豫北地区主推玉米品种抗茎基腐病分析

[目的]筛选玉米茎基腐病的抗病品种,为豫北地区品种合理布局提供参考.[方法]用豫北地区主推品种浚单0898、浚单20、郑单958、鲁单981、先玉335为试验材料,在人工接种禾谷镰刀菌的情况下研究了5个品种的发病情况,并对抗病机理进行了分析.[结果]品种不同,抗病差异显著,浚单0898高抗茎基腐病,郑单958、先玉335中抗,浚单20、鲁单981表现高感.抗病机理与亲本的遗传基础有关.[结论]浚单0898表现出良好抗性,适宜在豫北地区大面积种植.     

华北高校校园绿化存在的问题及发展对策--以新建的邯郸学院校园绿化为例

从生态学的角度对华北平原高校绿化进行了研究。发现校园绿化存在着生物多样性不足、异地种植现象严重、注重绿化美化效果而忽略了植被基本的生态功能等问题。指出,作为城市文明的重要窗口,高校绿化应以生态学为指导原则,坚持以人为本,与自然和谐相处的原则,注重环境的可持续发展能力,创造独特的高校绿色文化。