连作晚稻前期施药种类和时间对褐飞虱种群动态的影响

 田间试验研究了连晚前期施药种类和时间对褐飞虱种群动态的影响。结果表明施药后褐飞虱种群数量均有不同程度下降，但对褐飞虱主害代的控制作用与使用的农药种类和时间有密切的关系，而农药对褐飞虱的控制作用随种群的发展而下降。施药区褐飞虱种群增长倍数较对照区显著提高，其主要原因是农药对天敌尤其是对微蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽的杀伤作用。引起褐飞虱种群增长倍数提高的主要时期在四代成、若虫高峰期至五代卵高峰期，即施药后2～3周内。在各种供试药剂中，施用三唑磷的小区明显出现再增猖獗现象．根据以上结果，讨论了改善褐飞虱化学防治的途径。     

Imidacloprid resistance and its mechanisms in field populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål in China

Imidacloprid is a key insecticide universally used for control of brown planthopper (BPH), and its resistance had been studied previously with laboratory selected strains. When the failure in field control happened in China in 2005, imidacloprid resistance in field populations of BPH (AQ, NJ, GL and WJ) was monitored and studied. The results demonstrated that the BPH of field populations had developed moderate to high level of resistance to imidacloprid. This resistance is attributed mainly to the enhanced P450 monooxygenases detoxification and could be enhanced in the same growing season if the insecticide was sprayed over and over. Further studies revealed that imidacloprid resistant hoppers did not show cross-resistance to all the neonicotinoid insecticides and high level of imidacloprid resistance in BPH was very unstable. Thus, efficient substitute neonicotinoids could be selected and “window control” could be implemented in resistance management. For checking the resistance mutation previously reported in laboratory selected strains, new corresponding target subunit genes were cloned and sequenced, but no mutations were found associated consistently with resistance.     

杀虫剂对褐飞虱捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽的安全性评价

 【目的】评估7类14种杀虫剂对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens（Stål）的重要捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtohinus lividipennis (Reuter)成虫、若虫和卵的安全性。【方法】在室内条件下,用药膜法、稻株喷雾法及稻茎浸渍法测定杀虫剂对黑肩绿盲蝽的安全性。【结果】药膜法测定结果表明氟虫腈、噻虫嗪和异丙威3种杀虫剂对成虫不安全（Ⅳ级）,LC50值为0.20～0.74 mg a.i.•L-1;氟硅菊酯、醚菊酯对成虫安全（Ⅰ级）,LC50值＞160.0 mg a.i.•L-1。稻株喷雾法测定结果表明噻嗪酮在药后1d对成虫安全（Ⅰ级）,死亡率为1.7％;在药后4～10 d,丁硫克百威、氟虫腈、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉为较不安全或不安全（Ⅲ级或Ⅳ级）,死亡率为70.0%～100.0%。稻茎浸渍法测定结果表明除噻嗪酮和阿维菌素外,其余供试杀虫剂均对黑肩绿盲蝽若虫不安全（Ⅳ级）。稻株喷雾法测定结果表明醚菊酯、阿维菌素、氟硅菊酯、敌敌畏、噻嗪酮对卵安全（Ⅰ级）,孵化抑制率＜20%,而丁硫克百威对卵较不安全（Ⅲ级）,孵化抑制率为52.24%。【结论】IGR类噻嗪酮对黑肩绿盲蝽各虫态均很安全,其它供试杀虫剂对黑肩绿盲蝽的安全性因杀虫剂和虫态的不同而异。     

2种苦木科植物活性组分对褐飞虱的触杀活性及作用机理初探

用不同溶剂萃取了苦木科植物苦木（枝叶）和鸦胆子（枝叶）的活性组分,并测定了活性组分对褐飞虱3龄若虫的触杀活性及对其乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）活性的影响。结果表明,在10mg／ml浓度下,处理24h．苦木和鸦胆子的氯仿萃取物对褐飞虱3龄若虫有明显触杀活性,校正死亡率分别达到96．37％和96.70％。24h内,经苦木氯仿萃取物处理的试虫,其AchE活性降低且不可逆恢复;而经鸦胆子氯仿萃取物处理的试虫．其AchE活性呈现“升-降-升-降”趋势,最后与对照持平。     

Biodiversity and Dynamics of Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies in Rice Fields with Different Nitrogen Regimes

Biodiversity both theoretically and practically has relevance in addressing many problems of contemporary agriculture and allows the formation of functional groups that drive key ecosystem processes [1]. One of the most important processes in agroecosystems is pest regulation, because biodiversity is related closely to host-plant resistance, pest management attributes, natural biological control agents and their impacts, and stability as the ecological basis for pest management [2-3]. On one h…     

褐飞虱若虫发育与存活的模拟

 通过实验种群资料,用悬链线方程拟合了褐飞虱若虫期的发育速率与温度的关系;用抛物线方程拟合了若虫不同龄期的死亡率与年龄的关系。结果表明,模拟效果良好,这两个方程基本能够描述褐飞虱若虫期的发育和死亡过程。     

稻褐飞虱对噻嗪酮抗性的检测技术

建立了适合于测定褐飞虱对噻嗪酮敏感性的稻茎浸渍法及相对敏感毒力基线。用该方法检测的结果表明：１９９６年安庆、江浦,１９９７年南宁种群对噻嗪酮为早期抗性（抗性倍数为３．０￣３．５）;１９９６年由南向北敏感性有下降趋势,而１９９７年该趋势不明显。还对抗性监测方法及抗生治理进行了讨论。     

褐飞虱自噬相关基因NlATG4的表达与功能

ATG4是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶,负责ATG8蛋白羧基末端的切割,在自噬体形成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究克隆得到褐飞虱ATG4基因（NlATG4）的cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号:MF062502.1）。RT-qPCR分析结果表明,NlATG4基因在褐飞虱的若虫和成虫时期均有表达,1～2龄若虫的表达量最高,在其他发育阶段的表达量稍低。RNAi结果显示,在dsRNA注射后的第4d,靶标基因NlATG4的表达量显著下降（仅为dsGFP对照组的22%）,同时,NlATG4的RNA干扰导致虫体ATP含量显著降低,仅为1.0μmol/(L·mg蛋白-1),为对照组的25%;在注射后的第6d,dsNlATG4处理组的褐飞虱存活率出现显著降低,其脂肪体组织变得松散,大型脂滴（直径≥5.0μm）数量增多,类酵母共生菌周围泡状结构的界限基本消失;在注射后的第8 d,dsNlATG4处理的褐飞虱的存活率下降为36.7%,比dsGFP对照组的存活率下降53.3%。本研究表明靶向NlATG4基因的RNA干扰会破坏褐飞虱脂肪体的结构完整性和类酵母共生菌的微环境,影响脂类物质代谢和ATP含量,并导致褐飞虱存活...     

Evaluation on the fitness and population projection of Nilaparvata lugens in response to elevated CO2 using two-sex life table

Abstract

The life history and fitness of Nilaparvata lugens being reared under ambient level (current CO₂ concentration), medially elevated (550?µL/L) and highly elevated (750?µL/L) CO₂ concentration for long-term generation were compared using two-sex life table instead of traditional age-specific life table. The results showed that significantly longer larval duration and lower fecundity of N. lugens were observed in 750?µL/L relative to 550?µL/L treatment (P?<?0.05). Accordingly, 550?µL/L CO₂ significantly enhanced population parameters of N. lugens, including significantly higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (λ) and net reproductive rate (R_O), but not for 750?µL/L CO₂. Taken together, N. lugens performs enhanced development rate, fecundity and survival in individual life history and higher potential in population multiplication under 550?µL/L CO₂ level, while only indicates the less enhanced development rate and survival without significant increased capacity of population expansion under 750?µL/L CO₂ level. These results should facilitate predicting the fitness and potential population damage of N. lugens, which is valuable for the integrated control of N. lugens in the future increasing CO₂ concentration.