图书馆隐性知识有效转移策略研究

探讨了图书馆员隐性知识在图书馆中的重要性,剖析了图书馆员在隐性知识转移中的职业理念,提出了激励作用、组织文化、构建知识转移的技术平台、扁平化组织结构、岗位轮换、提高馆员素质等隐性知识转移策略,以充分转移馆员的隐性知识。     

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务创新研究

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务的理念、内容和模式都出现了一系列新变化。在对全新的服务理念和服务内容进行分析的基础上,提出图书馆应该建立与此相适应的团队协作、互动协同新模式。     

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务创新研究

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务的理念、内容和模式都出现了一系列新变化。在对全新的服务理念和服务内容进行分析的基础上,提出图书馆应该建立与此相适应的团队协作、互动协同新模式。     

基于关联数据的农业信息空间数据组织研究

介绍了农业信息空间、关联数据和RDF格式的内涵与应用研究现状,以及农业信息空间下基于关联数据的知识资源组织方式和机制原理,提出了基于关联数据的知识资源发布应用模式和资源服务方式,有利于更好地扩展知识资源的内容,提升知识资源的发现服务,为我国关联数据的理论研究和应用实践提供一定的参考。     

网络环境下图书馆信息服务工作内涵的转变

从＂用户为中心＂的服务理念、＂面向用户问题＂的服务模式、服务方式趋向个性化、服务内容知识化、服务人员角色以及用户信息行为的变化等几方面对网络环境下信息服务工作内涵的转变进行了阐述,为图书馆转变观念,努力满足用户需求,进一步开拓和创新信息服务工作提供借鉴和指导。     

地理专家系统的知识表示与知识库组织

本文介绍了地理专家系统的知识表示和知识库组织的基本原理和方法，并以水土保持专家系统为例，阐述了水土保持专家知识的分类分级方法，以及在水土保持专家系统中知识表示的基本规划和知识库中专家知识的组织方式。在知识获取机构中，系统提供了以辅助编辑手段为主，自然语言理解为辅的人机交互界面，从而简化了专家知识的录入过程，提高了系统的工作效率。     

《机械制图》教学探讨

<机械制图>是农业工程工科类学科的一门重要的技术基础课程.在新的形势下,它面临着几个比较突出的问题.笔者对其进行了分析,并在多年实践教学的基础上,提出了自己的见解与解决思路,它在提高教学效率、强化技能训练、增强"标准"意识及知识的教、学系统化方面收到了良好效果.     

The use of herders’ accounts to map livestock activities across agropastoral landscapes in Semi-Arid Africa

Improved understandings of the agricultural and range ecologies ofsemi-arid Africa require better information on the spatiotemporal distributionof domestic livestock across agropastoral landscapes. An empirical GIS-basedapproach was developed for estimating distributions of herded livestock acrossthree agropastoral territories (around 100 km² each)over a two-year period. Algorithms developed from regression analyses of herdtracking data (with R²s 0.67) are used to transform a morecomprehensive but incomplete set of data generated from herders accounts oftheir herds grazing itineraries (400 herds following 6500 itineraries). Theresulting characterization registers 40 000 days of livestock activitiesacross694 land units (averaging 70 ha) over the study period. This studydemonstrates that rural producers knowledge of their daily extractionpracticescan be translated to fine-grained characterizations of extraction densitiesacross mixed landscapes. The spatiotemporal distribution of livestock that isrevealed by this approach diverges strongly from that predicted bycommonly-usedpoint-diffusion estimation procedures. Instead, the distribution reflects localpatterns of land use, topography, vegetation, settlements, and water points.Grazing and nongrazing times spent in land units are not spatially correlatedand the seasonality of grazing pressure is spatially variable. Therefore, theecological impacts of livestock grazing are spatially variable at fine scalesand there is a significant potential for livestock-mediated nutrient transfersacross agropastoral landscapes. The georeferenced data produced by thisapproachnot only will help evaluate the impact and sustainability of differentmanagement practices but also provides a strong empirical base for improvedspatial modeling of herded livestock.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Bridging the Gap between Centrally Defined Policies and Local Decisions – Towards more Sensitive and Creative Rural Landscape Management

European policies and instruments such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and many instruments for nature and landscape conservation in Europe have for some decades been dominated by centralisation and standardisation. This paper shows that this has led to the neglect of contextual and place-related approaches and an unnecessarily high degree of over-simplification. Recently, as a reaction to this over-simplification, diversity and specific character has been particularly stressed in many European and national strategies for rural landscapes and conservation, but the processes of simplification still continue. Using examples from mixed agriculture and forestry landscapes in Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden, this paper aims to contribute to understanding the gap between centrally defined strategies for rural landscapes and awareness and management practices at local level. The three countries are situated at the outer fringes of Europe, and are complementary with their different degrees of urbanisation, forest distribution and tree-richness in the agricultural landscapes. Furthermore, the aim is to show how local landscape management is driven and to identify factors contributing to a better use of public policies through a participatory process with visions for the future. Systems of landscape classifications such as landscape character assessment often recognise the specific character of these landscapes, but have so far achieved very little for the preservation of their locally specific values, nor have they contributed to the development and the creation of new visions for future management. Such systems could contribute much more if they could be opened to adaptation on a more local scale in communication-led management planning.     

基于条件随机场的农作物病虫害及农药命名实体识别

互联网农技问答平台现仅依靠人工提供答题服务，响应速度慢，回答质量难以保证。实现智能农技问题解答，构建农技知识库，需要从现有问答数据提取“农作物-病虫害-农药”命名实体三元组。现有对农业中文命名实体识别的研究较少，且准确率较低。根据农作物、病虫害及农药命名实体的特点，针对农技问答数据，提出基于条件随机场的农作物、病虫害及农药命名实体的识别方法。对数据集进行格式整理及自动分词，并对分词后的语料，针对是否包含特定界定词、是否含特定偏旁部首、是否是数量词、是否是特定左右指界词及词性等特征进行自动标注。利用标注后的数据训练CRF模型，可以对语料进行分类，包括判断语料是否属于农作物、病虫害、农药3类命名实体并识别该语料在复合命名实体中的位置，从而实现了对3类命名实体的识别，由此可自动构建关联三元组。通过试验选择特征组合和调整上下文窗口大小，提高了本方法的识别准确度，降低了模型训练时间，对农作物、病虫害、农药命名实体识别的准确度分别达97.72%、87.63%、98.05%，比现有方法有显著提高。