中欧地区的森林培育及其启示

文中简述了中欧的林业发展史，特别对德国森林培育的现状和存在的问题进行了比较详细的分析。根据德国森林培育的历史和经验，提出了对中国林业建设的几点启示。     

浅谈德国的“近自然森林经营”

从德国“可持续”森林利用的不同概念、德国不同森林认证体系“经营标准(Management Standards)”的比较实例、德国森林经营和“近自然森林经营”筒史、德国森林资源状况和森林资源的变化、德国有关森林资源的几个基本理念与“近自然森林经营”的主要特征、德国哥廷根市有林“近自然森林经营”实例等6个方面,简要介绍了德国的“近自然森林经营”。     

三峡库区莲峡河小流域马尾松水文生态效应

2004年,在三峡库区莲峡河小流域马尾松林地进行了大气降水、林内透雨、树干茎流的测定,进行了林下枯落物和土壤对降雨影响的研究.结果表明:观测期,马尾松林内透雨占大气降水总量的76.70%,林冠层截留量占降雨总量的23.03%,树干茎流占降雨总量的0.27%;林下枯落物的最大持水量为3.40 mm,林地0～40 cm层土壤饱和蓄水量为183.60 mm;林内透雨、树干茎流、林冠截流与大气降水量以及降雨强度具有显著的二元线性相关关系.     

VEGETATION植被指数与森林资源的相关性分析

VEGETATION植被指数与森林资源特征因子之间的相关性是该遥感数据用于森林资源监测的基础.基于湖南省同期的连清样地资料、ETM卫片,采用统计分析、单因素方差分析、迭加观察等方法,对VEGETATION植被指数与森林资源特征因子之间的相关性进行了分析,发现两者之间存在较高的相关性.     

巴黎翠凤蝶、红基美凤蝶生物学特性初步观察

巴黎翠凤蝶在甘肃白水江自然保护区1年2代，以蛹越冬，翌年3月下旬越冬蛹开始羽化，4月下旬至5月初为第1代成虫羽化高峰期，第2代成虫羽化高峰期在6月底7月初；寄主为芸香科的飞龙掌血、柑橘类等植物；成虫喜访白色系的花，也好在臭水沟处群聚嬉戏，一般在常绿林带的高处活动，飞行迅速，警觉性高而且很少停息，难以捕捉。红基美凤蝶在白水江自然保护区1年2代，以蛹越冬，翌年4月初越冬蛹开始羽化，4月下旬为第1代成虫羽化高峰期，6月底7月上旬为第2代成虫羽化高峰期；7月下旬成虫数量减少，但直至9月仍可见到成虫；7月上旬产卵高峰期，9月初为化蛹高峰期；直到10月上中旬还可见幼虫；幼虫5龄，历期25～35d；寄主为柑桔等芸香科植物。     

Leaf-litter decomposition of 15 tree species in a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak: decomposition rates and initial litter chemistry

In a lowland tropical rain forest in Sarawak, leaf-litter decomposition and the initial litter chemistry of 15 tree species were studied. During 13 months of field experiment, weight loss of litter samples was between 44% and 91%, and calculated decomposition rate constants (k) ranged from 0.38 to 2.36 year⁻¹. The initial litter chemistry also varied widely (coefficients of variation: 19%–74%) and showed low N and P concentrations and high acid-insoluble residue (AIS) concentration. For nutrient-related litter chemistry, correlations with the decomposition rate were significant only for P concentration, C/P ratio, and AIS/P ratio (r _s = 0.59, −0.62, and −0.68, n = 15, P < 0.05, respectively). For organic constituents, correlations were significant for concentrations of AIS and total carbohydrates, and AIS/acid-soluble carbohydrate ratio (r _s = −0.81, 0.51, and −0.76, n = 15, P < 0.05, respectively). These results suggested that the relatively slow mean rate of decomposition (k = 1.10) was presumably due to the low litter quality (low P concentration and high AIS concentration), and that P might influence the decomposition rate; but organic constituents, especially the concentration of AIS, were more important components of initial litter chemistry than nutrient concentrations.     

四种混交林类型对杨扇舟蛾控制作用的研究

试验表明 :块状混交模式是控制杨扇舟蛾的最佳混交模式 ;在块状混交模式下 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型为最佳混交类型 ;在块状混交模式的 3种混交比例中 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型对杨扇舟蛾的控制作用差异不显著     

Comparison of stand dynamics after dieback caused by pine wilt disease among pine forests with different management regimes in western Japan

In pine forests damaged by pine wilt disease, in western Japan, the effect of protection regimes of pine trees on the stand dynamics were examined in the following four stands: (1) lightly damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with no procedure in operation for protecting pine trees; (2) severely damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with no procedure in place for protecting pine trees; (3) severely damaged stand (age 50 years) with a selective cutting of infected trees; (4) severely damaged stand (age 30–40 years) with a selective cutting of infected trees. All the stands had been abandoned before the pine wilt disease damage. The understory structure of the severely damaged stand with no protection procedure was similar to that of the lightly damaged stand. Frequent invasion by tree species and acceleration in the growth of understory trees occurred after the dieback in the selective cutting stand. These results suggest that a deficiency in the canopy layer caused by the dieback resulted in low disturbance intensity in the early stages after the dieback, but the selective cutting increased the intensity by the reduction in the understory as well as the canopy layer. The intensity of the disturbance in the selective cutting stands was larger in the younger stand because it had a higher density of selectively cut pine trees. The different stand structure of pine forests occurred after the dieback because the intensity of the disturbance varied as a result of the selective cutting operation and the stand age.     

Effects of thinning on wind damage in Pinus thunbergii plantation ——Based on theoretlcal derlvation of risk—ratios for assessing wind damage

Based on paper of “Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in coastal forest“,wind damage in the pine coasteal forest,which was thinned at four levels in December of 1997,was investigated for four successive growing seasons.Besides wind damage,the wind profiles outside and inside the coastal forest stand and the distributions of optical stratification porosity (OSP) were also observed.Based on these data,risk-ratios of wind damage for both individual trees and stands were estimated according to the methods developed in “Theoretical derivation of risk-ratios for assessing wind damage in a coastal forest“.The results showed that risk-ratios of wind damage,which were calculated from the meen height and diameter only and from the combination of wind and stand sructure profiles,accurately predicted wind damage in the plantation.Relationships between different thinning ratios and incidence of wind damage showed that stand stability decreased soon after the thinning.This was due to the immediate effects of thinning on increasing the canopy roughness and wind load,and on decreasing the sheltering effects from surrounding trees.However,thinning strategies could improve the stability by long-term effects on growthand development of trees against extreme wind.Only canopy damage was recorded during the experimental period,no stem damage was found,even though the maximum 10-min wind speed outside the coastal forest attained 30.2m s^-1.The results obtained in this study indicate that thinning is the most effective silvicultural strategy available for managing coastal forest despite the increased probability of wind damage soon after thinning.     

长白山阔叶红松林CO2廓线和CO2贮存的动态

从1999年8至10月,2000年的4至6月,2002年8月至2003年9月,在平均树高为26米的长白山阔叶红松林内,用红外气体分析仪(2250D,LI-CORInc.和LI-COR,820)测定了不同高度的二氧化碳浓度。根据测定的数据,分析了阔叶红松林二氧化碳廓线的日变化和季节变化动态。结果表明:CO2浓度的垂直分布在白天和夜间是不同的,在接近地面处CO2浓度始终最大。从季节CO2廓线看出,在植物生长季节林冠处CO2浓度有明显的成层现象,不同高度(60~2.5m)的CO2浓度3月份变化较小差值为10mmol穖ol-1,而在7月份变化较大,差值为60mmol穖ol-1。7月份林冠处(22,26,32m)CO2浓度梯度较大,浓度差为8mmol穖ol-1。计算位于涡度相关仪器之下的40米高空气柱中CO2贮存状况表明,年际贮存是负值,但对NEE的贡献很小。图4参11。