扬州市邗江低湿江滩地林农复合构建模式早期经济效益研究

对江苏省扬州市邗江渔业乡低湿江滩地构建的4类16种林农复合模式的经济效益评估结果表明,意大利杨与菊苣、意大利杨与荩草、意大利杨与苏丹草、意大利杨与银杏苗、意大利杨与棕榈、意大利杨与莲、水杉与药用蚂蝗、水杉与精鱼等8种复合模式是低湿江滩地开发经济效益高的优良构建模式;围网养殖尤其是船带网箱移动养殖长江水特产品是江滩水面资源开发利用的高效特色模式。认为滩地开发应在巩固“八五”绿化滩地,营建抑螺防病林成果的基础上,引进新树种,新种植、养殖优良生物品种,用新技术进行优化配置,以优化现有湿地森林结构,创立体现沿江湿地林渔特色的“多物种、多功能、多效益”人工林系统,建设观光林网,观光渔业,滨江湿地森林生态旅游村,进一步促进江滩湿地资源深度开发及沿江农村经济与社会可持续发展。     

Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil—Plant System：A Review

Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in particular with the rapid development of industry.The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China,the research progress on the bioavailability of heavy metals (effecting factors,extraction methods,free-ion activity model,adsorption model,multivariate regression model,Q-I relationship,and compound pollution),and soil remediation are reviewed in paper.Future research and monitoring is also discussed.     

松毛虫CPV、菌毒复合剂防治马尾松毛虫试验效果调查

对松毛虫ＣＰＶ及菌毒复合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ号防治马尾松毛虫的药效调查结果，ＣＰＶ具有在林间水平、垂直传播、扩散的特点，对马尾松毛虫幼虫、蛹等虫态均有毒杀作用。用药量为１２００～２４００亿ＰＩＢ／ｈｍ２时，防治效果好，持效期长，是一种极具开发前景的高效生物杀虫剂     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

大豆玉米带状复合种植专用播种机现场演示验证技术要求

大豆玉米带状复合种植模式是实现“玉米不减产 多收一季豆”的可行途径,但是这与各地现有种植模式有很大差异,给播种机播种施肥等作业提出了新的要求。系统梳理该种植模式的特点,一是精量播种,玉米单粒播种,大豆每穴1或2粒;二是行距、株距缩小,合理密植。大豆株距7~10 cm,行距25~30 cm或40 cm;玉米株距8~11 cm或14 cm,行距40 cm;大豆玉米行间距60~65 cm或70 cm。三是单位面积施肥量一个加大,一个减小。玉米高氮缓释复合肥每公顷750~975 kg,大豆低氮缓释复合肥每公顷225~300 kg,“4+4”和“4+6”种植模式施肥量还要适当增加。简要介绍对应专用播种机应考核的主要内容、合格指标及验证方法,如大豆玉米带状复合种植专用机播种机安全性、适用性、先进性应达到的要求、验证实施的技术要点;阐述验证结论获取及其局限性,提出促进专用播种机发展的3条建议：增加配置、改进性能;培训农户和完善农艺;长短结合、耐心培育促发展。     

大豆玉米带状复合种植全程机械化专用机具研制现状与趋势

围绕大豆玉米带状复合种植种、管、收全程机械化,以大豆玉米一体化播种机、同步分带喷杆喷雾机、大豆玉米一体化收获机等同步作业专用机具,以及高地隙玉米收获机、小型窄幅收获机等分步适用机具为研究对象,根据近年来研制试验和推广应用情况,深入分析总结各类专用机具的技术特点、研发生产、试验验证、推广应用和注意事项,掌握当前专用机具发展现状,从提高作业效益、作业质量、适应性、关键结构等方面明确机具研发趋势,为大豆玉米带状复合种植全程化机械化发展奠定基础。围绕机具改进熟化与推广应用,从同播同熟品种选育、关键技术科研攻关、鉴定评价方法制定、适用机具机型遴选、试验示范推广和全程机械化模式凝练等方面提出建议。     

不同年限毛竹-灵芝复合系统土壤质量评价

研究以不同年限(0 a、1 a和2 a)毛竹—灵芝复合系统为对象,对比分析灵芝不同种植年限的毛竹林土壤理化性质、酶活性等17个土壤质量指标的差异,并基于主成分分析对其土壤质量进行评价,旨在为毛竹林下种植灵芝提供参考。结果表明：随着灵芝种植年限的延长,毛竹林土壤含水率、孔隙度和通气度呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而土壤容重呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;土壤pH值随种植年限的延长逐渐升高,有利于缓解土壤酸化;土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效养分含量和土壤酶活性均随种植年限的延长呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,且种植2 a显著高于0 a (P＜0.05)。综合分析土壤理化性质以及酶活性等指标,毛竹林下种植灵芝后,其土壤质量指数均显著高于未种植的毛竹林地,且随种植年限的延长逐渐升高,说明灵芝种植有利于提高毛竹林地土壤质量。     

贵州赤水楠竹林菌笋复合经营技术

为充分利用楠竹林地空间,提高竹林经济效益,对楠竹林采用丰产技术措施培育笋用林,并在林下种植竹荪,实施菌笋复合经营。结果显示,通过对楠竹林采取调整立竹结构、劈山抚育、林地清理、林地垦复、留笋养竹、病虫害防治等一系列丰产技术措施,竹林春笋产量明显提高,较对照提高62.49%;若同时在林下种植竹荪,则春笋产量更高,较对照增加1.69倍,同时可收获鲜竹荪超过400 kg/667 m²。该研究总结出的一套楠竹林菌笋复合经营技术,具有重要的推广价值。     

42%氟啶草酮复配33%二甲戊灵乳油对棉田杂草的防效、杀草谱及安全性评价

【目的】研究复配33%二甲戊灵乳油(200 mL/667m²)的42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂的最佳剂量,杂草的杀草谱以及对棉花安全评价。【方法】采用田间与室内结合方法,在不同浓度42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂复配33%二甲戊灵乳油(200 mL/667m²)条件下,分析其对棉田杂草防效、杀草谱以及对棉花出苗率、株高、产量等的影响。【结果】42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂对龙葵、反枝苋、灰藜、马齿苋有较高的杀草活性,EC₅₀分别为17.58、17.68、16.87和16.44 mL/667m²。药剂的最佳组合为42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂(35~40 mL/667m²)+33%二甲戊灵乳油(200 mL/667m²);42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂用量高于35 mL/667m²时对阔叶杂草的防效达到90%以上,且要优于禾本科杂草,该组合对苘麻和田旋花的防效低于59%;42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂复配33%二甲戊灵乳油(200 mL/667m²)对棉花的株高、鲜重、果枝数、单铃重、籽棉产量没有影响,出苗率在42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂(40~200) mL/667m²+33%二甲戊灵乳油的药剂下下降到90%以下。【结论】复配药剂的最佳浓度是42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂(35~40 mL/667m²)复配33%二甲戊灵乳油(200 mL/667m²);42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂单剂用量高于35 mL/667m²时对棉田主要阔叶杂草龙葵,反枝苋、灰藜、马齿苋具有良好的防效,有较高的杀草活性,防效达到90%以上;复配药剂中42%氟啶草酮悬浮剂浓度在40 mL/667m²以上时棉花出苗率下降到90%以下,但是对棉花产量,株高、鲜重没有影响。     

氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺复配对枸杞根腐病菌的毒力增效作用

为探索氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺复配对枸杞根腐病主要病原菌——腐皮镰刀菌的毒力增效作用,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺17种不同比例的复配处理对腐皮镰刀菌的室内毒力作用,在最佳增效配比下,明确复配处理相较单剂对病原菌孢子萌发、产孢量、芽管伸长和菌丝干重的影响。结果表明,氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺单剂及其复配处理对腐皮镰刀菌的菌丝生长抑制效果均有明显作用,其单剂EC₅₀值分别为0.365 8 mg·L^-1和0.120 8 mg·L^-1,氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺的配比在3∶2时增效作用最大,EC₅₀值为0.044 3 mg·L^-1,增效系数SR达4.560 0,可作为枸杞根腐病药剂防治的最佳复配处理;氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺单剂及其复配处理对腐皮镰刀菌的孢子萌发均具有一定的抑制效果,其单剂EC₅₀值分别为0.116 7 mg·L^-1和1 455.784 8 mg·L^-1,最佳复配处理EC₅₀值为0.060 2 mg·L^-1,增效系数SR达3.231 1。在质量浓度为0.8 mg·L^-1时,最佳复配处理对腐皮镰刀菌产孢量的抑制率达100%,对芽管伸长、菌丝干重的抑制效果均显著高于单剂处理。因此,氟唑菌酰羟胺与咪鲜胺复配比在3∶2时,可作为枸杞根腐病药剂防治的最佳复配处理,为预防耐药性的产生提供了解决途径。