An instant bioassay for resistance of lettuce to the leaf aphid Myzus persicae

Summary A reliable impression of the resistance of lettuce plants to the leaf aphid Myzus persicae can be obtained via aphid honeydew production. Under controlled temperatures, the number of honeydew droplets produced by these aphids per plant in 180 minutes with five plants per genotype offers a good criterion of this resistance.     

八种杀虫剂对桃蚜的毒力测定

通过8种药剂对桃蚜室内毒力测定表明,24h后对桃蚜活性较高的药剂为新烟碱类和苏云金杆菌类的杀虫剂,拟除虫菊酯类活性较低。其中必喜表现出对桃蚜极高的活性,其LC50值仅有0.019mg/L;其次为阿维菌素、优化Bt、吡虫啉,其LC50值为0.038～0.309mg/L。48h后各药剂的毒性均增大。其中必喜LC50值最小,为0.014mg/L;其次为阿维菌素、优化Bt、吡虫啉,其LC50值为0.036～0.26mg/L。     

一种植物提取物对CMV、PVYN及其昆虫介体的作用

以植物Pt为材料,对其抗两种植物病毒———CMV(Cucumbermosaicvirus,CMV)和PVYN(PotatovirusYN,PVYN)及其昆虫介体[蚜虫Myzuspesicae(Suzer)]的作用进行研究。结果表明:(1)VT1具有较高的抗病毒活性,1mg/ml浓度下对CMV和PVYN的抑制率分别为91.6%和96.2%;(2)VT1对蚜虫有较强的触杀作用,24h和48h的LC50值分别为1.953mg/ml和0.8125mg/ml。生物活性跟踪发现,氯仿组分为植物Pt对蚜虫起触杀作用的有效部位;(3)VT1对蚜虫具有一定的忌避和内吸作用,但无明显熏蒸作用。     

食蚜瘿蚊对3种蚜虫捕食作用的研究

[目的]为评价和充分利用食蚜瘿蚊的控蚜作用。[方法]将甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜分别设置5个密度,并用甘蓝蚜作种内干扰竞争试验,研究食蚜瘿蚊对3种蚜虫的捕食作用。[结果]食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜的捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程。食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜、桃蚜、蔷薇长管蚜一昼夜的捕食上限分别为13、11、12头,猎物密度相同时对甘蓝蚜的寻找效应始终高于桃蚜和蔷薇长管蚜。食蚜瘿蚊幼虫有较强的种内干扰反应,平均捕食量随自身密度的增大逐渐减少。[结论]食蚜瘿蚊的捕食数量随蚜虫密度的增加而增加,寻找效应随蚜虫密度的增大而降低。食蚜瘿蚊对甘蓝蚜的捕食量最高,捕食率随自身密度的增大而降低。     

环境因子对根虫瘟霉菌株生长的影响

在自然感病的桃蚜虫尸上分离获得一根虫瘟霉(Zoophthoraradicans)菌株(Zryzh),对菜蚜有一定的侵染能力。本文利用室内离体方法对该菌株生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明:Zryzh在固体平板上生长和产孢的最适温度为20℃,当温度高于30℃时产孢量明显降低,而当温度达到35℃时生长与产孢量均受抑制。不同光照和酸碱度的处理对Zryzh菌落生长与产孢有差异,最适的pH范围是7～9,明暗交替(12L:12D)有利于Zryzh的生长与产孢。     

湖南烟区烟蚜种群变动规律及其测报技术

根据在湖南烟区近10年的系统调查观察,了解了烟蚜的越冬动态、烟田内种群消长规律及数量的年际变化,分析了气象、品种、天敌等因子与烟蚜发生的关系,提出利用冬季气温预测迁飞蚜量(黄皿诱蚜量)、利用3～5月黄皿诱蚜量预测烟草移栽至现蕾期烟田百株蚜量及利用多元回归预测蚜量发生趋势等测报技术.     

球孢白僵菌4菌株对桃蚜的控制效果研究

试验研究了球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)不同菌株对桃蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]的侵染致病力、生殖力及种群参数的影响,探讨了球孢白僵菌的侵染致病力及其开发潜力。结果表明:球孢白僵菌对桃蚜的侵染致病力、生殖力及种群参数的影响在总体上基本一致,但3个指标在4菌株间也有一定的差异,强弱依次为Bb7001>Bb7004≥Bb4014>Bb8001。桃蚜接种4菌株不同浓度孢子后在第3~5 d达到死亡高峰期;lgLC50分别为3.67,4.80,4.45,5.11。接种球孢白僵菌4菌株孢子浓度106个/mL后,桃蚜成蚜的生殖力在第3 d均与对照组桃蚜生殖力有显著差异,10 d内日均产仔与对照蚜相比下降43.71%~62.89%;球孢白僵菌4菌株对桃蚜净生殖力有极显著的降低作用,内禀增长率也有一定的降低,接种4菌株后的桃蚜,净生殖力下降了53.22%~73.36%,内禀增长力降低了21.78%~36.19%,但对世代历期几乎没有影响。综合3个方面来看,以菌株Bb7001显示了较高的杀蚜毒效,可考虑作为防治桃蚜的首选菌株进行开发。     

桃蚜抗性品系选育及其3种解毒酶活性研究

对桃蚜进行室内高效氯氰菊酯抗药性筛选,选育至10代后抗性倍数增长到49．9倍。生化分析表明,抗性品系酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)及多功能氧化酶(MFO)活性均显著高于敏感品系。磷酸酯酶酶动力学测定结果表明,与敏感品系相比,抗性桃蚜酸性磷酸酯酶对底物的km,kmax差异都不显著;碱性磷酸酯酶Km差异不显著而Vmax则显著大于敏感品系。     

Acquisition of potato leafroll virus byMyzus persicae from secondarily-infected potato plants of different genotypes

Summary The acquisition of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) byMyzus persicae nymphs from the top leaves of potato plants was studied throughout a growing season in relation to the antigen titre in those leaves and the feeding behaviour of the aphid. Secondarily-infected plants of eight potato genotypes with different levels of field resistance served as virus sources. Early in the growing season, plants were efficient sources for virus acquisition. The amount of viral antigen detected inM. persicae nymphs fed on the top leaves was strongly correlated with the titres of viral antigen in these leaves. Virus acquisition from the top leaves of older potato plants was markedly impaired and could not be correlated with their virus titre. With increasing age of the potato plants and the development of virus symptoms, the virus titre in the leaves declined and the initial weak correlation between the virus titre and field resistance ratings disappeared. Thus, screening secondarily-infected potato plants for field resistance to PLRV based on the concentration of viral antigen in leaves or in aphids fed on them should be avoided later in the growing season. The feeding rate ofM. persicae, measured by the number of honeydew droplets excreted, did not account for the reduced uptake of virus from older plants since it was not influenced by the age of the plant. Throughout the growing season, the feeding rate ofM. persicae nymphs on PLRV-infected plants was higher on genotypes with low levels of field resistance to PLRV than on genotypes with high ones.     

福建烟区不同世代烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生效应

为探究不同代数烟蚜茧蜂的寄生效应,在室内续代饲养8代的条件下,测定了不同密度及不同代数烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生率和羽化率。试验结果表明：烟蚜密度为50头/株、25头/株时,烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生率较高,分别为19.33%、14.67%。烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率与雌蜂密度呈正相关,且雌蜂密度为3头/株时对烟蚜的寄生率最高,为28.67%,而其羽化率不受雌蜂密度变化的影响。从F1代到F8代,烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生率逐渐下降。其中,F1代的寄生率高达64.00%,F8代的寄生率为46.40%。前7个世代烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率均在87.50%以上,但F7与F8之间的羽化率差异显著,其羽化率分别为87.50%、69.64%。所以,室内续代饲养的烟蚜茧蜂,其各项能力均会显著下降,7代后更为明显。因此,在室内续代饲养7代后要及时复壮,以保持烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的正常寄生力。