黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平日周期性与季节性变化的节律

通过放射免疫测定方法,本文初步研究了黄鳝血清褪黑激素的分泌特性,实验结果表明,黄鳝血清褪黑激素水平具有明显的日周期性与季节性变化节律。白天血清中褪黑激素水平较低,夜间浓度显著升高,比白天值高１－２倍。随着性腺的发育,从卵巢Ⅱ至Ⅳ期,血清中黑激素含量逐渐升高,到排卵前期则急剧下降。排卵期达到雌性阶段的最优值;排卵后期,血清褪黑激素水平又逐渐加回升：间性期则有下降的趋势;雄鱼血清中褪黑激素水平极低。     

Growth performance,immunity and intestinal microbiota of swamp eel (Monopterus albus) fed a diet supplemented with house fly larvae (Musca domestica)

Housefly larvae are widely used in livestock breeding industry as a functional feed additive with immunostimulant properties, but their effects as dietary additive are poorly understood in aquatic animals. We conducted an eight‐week rearing experiment to determine the effects of housefly larvae (complete) on growth performance, immunity and intestinal microbiota in swamp eel (Monopterus albus). Dietary treatments were as follows: BD (control group, fed a basal diet), FL7 (fly larvae supplemented once weekly, i.e., 6‐day basal diet, 1‐day larvae) and FL3 (larvae supplemented every third day, i.e., 2‐day basal diet, 1‐day larvae). The final body weight (FBW) and weight gain (WG) of the FL3 group significantly (p < .05) increased. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration significantly decreased in FL3 and FL7 groups. The expression of immune‐related genes was also influenced by the fly larvae. Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment produced higher survival rates in the FL3 (75%) and FL7 (37.5%) groups. Fly larvae also affected the composition of gut microbiota: the abundance of Bacteroides increased, and Pseudomonas decreased, in the treatment groups. Dietary supplementation of housefly larvae has positive effects on the growth and immunity of swamp eel, and we suggest supplementing housefly larvae every third day.     

模仿自然繁殖条件下的黄鳝人工繁殖试验

黄鳝(Monopterus albus)属合鳃目,合鳃科,黄鳝属,是我国重要的经济鱼类之一,受环境污染及滥捕的影响,自然资源量不断下降。而人工养殖因受苗种繁殖的制约,尚难以形成规模。我国鱼类学家伍献文和刘建康等曾对黄鳝的生殖习性和幼体变态作过研究,国内外许多学者对黄鳝性逆转等方面亦作过许多报道,但有关黄鳝人工繁殖的报道却不多。由于黄鳝属吐泡营巢繁殖的鱼类,且怀卵量低,一般黄鳝在繁殖期间,黄鳝先在水表面吐泡沫,做成泡沫巢,然后雌鳝在水中产卵,与此同时,雄鳝即排精,精液将卵子托于泡沫巢中,受精卵在泡沫巢中     

4种除草剂对黄鳝遗传毒性的研究

以黄鳝为试验材料,研究了嗪草酮、2,4-D丁酯、艾割和使它隆4种除草剂对鱼类的致突变性。通过对经腹腔注射染毒上述4种除草剂的受试黄鳝的活体肾细胞染色体数目和形态的观察,分析其突变率。结果(经统计t检验)显示,嗪草酮、2,4-D丁酯、艾割和使它隆4种除草剂分别在其试验最低受试剂量50、0.05、50和8.0mg·kg-1(体重)即可引起黄鳝的染色体畸变,表明这4种除草剂对黄鳝均具有遗传毒性,应在施用中严加管控,预防其对环境的风险性。     

白花草木樨第二次轮回选择半同胞家系农艺性状的遗传变异分析

为了选育出优质、高产、低香豆素的白花草木樨新品种，在前期完成第一次轮回选择的基础上，开展了25份白花草木樨半同胞家系的第二次轮回选择，在甘肃省榆中县和临泽县进行产量、品质、香豆素含量等农艺性状评价。方差分析结果表明半同胞家系间株高、干重、纤维、香豆素含量等性状具有显著的基因型变异（P<0.05），且干重、株高、茎粗等性状在两地点间存在显著的基因型与环境互作（P<0.05），根据基因型方差预测干重与株高的遗传增益增加百分比分别为4.3%和2.6%。相关性分析表明，茎粗与干重、株高有极显著（P<0.01）的正相关关系，粗蛋白与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维有极显著的负相关关系。主成分分析反映出各农艺性状间的关系和25份半同胞家系在各性状上的表现，聚类分析将25份家系分为4个组，其中第4组具有较高的干重、粗蛋白和最低的香豆素含量。通过对25份半同胞家系的第二次评价将为白花草木樨新品系选育奠定基础。     

黄鳝养殖关键技术分析

种质、环境和疾病三因素是决定黄鳝成活率高低的关键，进行健康养殖，注重环境调控和微生态平衡，是使黄鳝养殖走出困难的根本出路。