Agar/galactomannan blends for strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cv. Pelican micropropagation

The efficacy of partial substitution of agar by galactomannans (GMs) obtained from different sources was tested in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne) cv. Pelican micropropagation. GMs extracted from seeds of Cassia fastuosa (cassia) and Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (guar gum – a commercial GM) were mixed with agar in the proportion of 0.3/0.3% (w/v) in MS medium, and the performance was compared with behaviour of medium containing agar only (0.6%, w/v) as gelling agent. The results obtained showed that agar could be partially replaced by GMs, since the rheological measurements confirmed a good interaction between the polysaccharides. Also, better performance and enhanced proliferation of strawberry shoots were observed; where in the modified medium the length of roots was higher. Thus, the behaviour of the agar/galactomannans gels and the commercial cost effectiveness, which is lower for the modified medium compared with the system solidified with agar only, showed the potential use of these galactomannans for application in plant tissue culture.     

蘑菇保鲜技术及其生理效应

试验比较了~(60)Co—r 射线辐照、气调、药剂等保鲜方法对双孢蘑菇保鲜的效果,得出以纸塑袋密封包装,加天然去异味剂,采用自发气调法保鲜,效果最佳。在5℃左右温度条件下可以保存10—15天,开伞率不超过3%,基本无褐变和异味,失重率在2%以内,质地基本不下降。同时,研究了自发气调保鲜的作用机制,证明自发气调保鲜法,氧与二氧化碳分压可分剐调整到2—3%和10—15%,在这种条件下,多酚氧化酶的活性明显下降。     

Controlled release of avermectin from porous hollow silica nanoparticles

Porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) with a diameter of ca 100 nm and a pore size of ca 4.5 nm were synthesized via a sol-gel route using inorganic calcium carbonate nanoparticles as templates. The synthesized PHSNs were subsequently employed as pesticide carriers to study the controlled release behaviour of avermectin. The avermectin-loaded PHSN (Av-PHSN) samples were characterized by BET, thermogravimetric analysis and IR, showing that the amount of avermectin encapsulated in the PHSN carrier could reach 58.3% w/w by a simple immersion loading method, and that most of the adsorption of avermectin on the Av-PHSN carrier might be physical. Avermectin may be loaded on the external surface, the pore channels in the wall and the inner core of the PHSN carriers, thus leading to a multi-stage sustained-release pattern from the Av-PHSN samples. Increasing pH or temperature intensified the avermectin release.     

改性异氰酸酯树脂胶玉米秸秆皮板工艺

以异氰酸酯(PMDI)改性的脲醛胶作为胶黏剂,采用正交试验法分析了热压时间、成板密度、施胶量、胶混合比对玉米秸秆皮板主要物理性能的影响。结果表明:热压时间对玉米秸秆皮板的24 h吸水厚度膨胀率(24h TS)、弹性模量(MOE),成板密度和改性脲醛胶/异氰酸酯(UF/PMDI)的混合比例对24 h TSI、B、MOE以及施胶量对24 h TS均有高度显著性影响。在一定范围内,秸秆皮板材的物理力学性能指标随着热压时间、密度以及施胶量的增加而增大,异氰酸酯施加量的增加能持续提高板的性能。当工艺条件为:热压时间4～5 min,板密度0.9 g/cm3,施胶量12%,胶量比(UF/PMDI)7∶3时制得的板材性能最佳。     

改性脲醛树脂胶玉米秸秆皮碎料板的制备工艺

研究了玉米秸秆的结构及组成、玉米秸秆中皮、瓤、叶各部分所占的比例及皮与瓤的化学组成,分析探讨了合理的玉米秸秆的皮、瓤、叶分离工艺,对分离后玉米秸秆皮原料的加工处理工艺进行了探索。为确定改性脲醛树脂胶玉米秸秆皮板的制板工艺,通过正交试验对比分析了4个因素(热压时间、热压温度、密度和施胶量)对碎料板性能指标的影响,确定较佳的玉米秸秆皮板生产工艺为:热压温度155℃、热压时间4 min(板厚度10mm)、施胶量12%、密度为0.7 g/m3。     

C_(18)键合磁珠固相萃取-液质联用检测蜂王浆中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留

[目的]建立一种应用C18键合磁珠固相萃取-液质联用检测蜂王浆中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留的方法。[方法]MCX固相萃取小柱联合C18磁珠对蜂王浆进行前处理,用HPLC-串联质谱仪对净化后样本进行检测。[结果]该方法的线性范围是5～80μg/kg,相关系数0.993 1。添加水平为5、10、20μg/kg时各种化合物的平均回收率范围为93%～104%,RSD值均不大于11.3%。[结论]该方法简单、快速,结合自动化设备,可实现蜂王浆样品中磺胺二甲嘧啶测定前处理的自动化。     

基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法评述

首先分析了基于DRASTIC模型的地下水脆弱性评价方法,然后探讨了该模型的局限性和缺陷,并评述了改进模型的应用效果,最后对基于DRASTIC模型评价方法的应用前景进行了分析,提出了关于选用和应用该模型需要重点关注的问题和评价成果需实现成果价值最大化。     

改性淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备与性能研究

[目的]探索改性淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合膜的制备与性能。[方法]以玉米淀粉为原料,通过机械力与柠檬酸、甘油的双改性制备成双改性热塑性玉米淀粉,利用双改性热塑性玉米淀粉与PVA复合成膜,制备成可生物降解的塑料薄膜,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热(DSC)对复合膜的结晶性和热稳定性进行研究。[结果]与原淀粉/PVA复合膜以及单改性淀粉/PVA复合膜相比,双改性淀粉/PVA复合膜的结晶度有所降低,其相容性、力学性能、耐水性和热稳定性均有明显提高。室外土壤掩埋30 d后取代度为0.26的双改性热塑性淀粉/PVA复合膜的降解率约为43%,属于环境友好型材料,可用作可生物降解塑料膜。[结论]该材料的制备具有制造工艺简单、能耗低等优点。     

改性填料强化组合MBR处理印染废水的效果研究

以改性填料作为填料组成的膜生物反应器处理某印染废水,考察了系统对污染物去除效果及减缓膜污染方面的作用。结果表明,反应器对COD和NH3-N均有着较高的去除效果,当进出水COD浓度分别为436～1 722 mg/L、43～79 mg/L,进出水NH3-N浓度分别为160～245 mg/L、6.6～16.8 mg/L时,COD、NH3-N的去除率分别为88.99%～96.93%9、0.69%～95.94%。其出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)二级标准。抽吸时间20 min时的膜过滤阻力上升较快,而抽吸时间15 min能较好地维持膜通量,保持膜过滤性能的稳定。在膜通量为11.2 L/(m2.h)情况下,透膜压差随运行时间的递增而呈现缓慢上升的趋势,改性填料对减轻膜污染的贡献明显;ρ(MLVSS)/ρ(MLSS)比值与SOUR的变化趋势基本保持一致,该系统内生物膜含有较高的挥发性有机成分,具有较高的活性。改性填料的投加有效地减轻了膜污染,大大延长了膜清洗的工作周期。     

羧甲基纤维素钠-改性膨润土复合凝胶的制备及缓释性能

采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)凝胶加入改性膨润土的方法制备缓释肥料,考察CMC、膨润土和尿素质量浓度及交联剂浓度对羧甲基纤维素钠-改性膨润土复合凝胶缓释效果的影响,并利用扫描电镜进行表征。结果表明,在凝胶中加入膨润土有效的延长了尿素释放时间,质量浓度30g/L的CMC、25g/L的膨润土、50g/L的尿素及0.10mol/L交联剂制得的复合凝胶缓释效果最佳,释放80%的尿素需要20d;利用扫描电镜,可以观察到在缓释颗粒表面存在孔洞,整个释放过程中缓释颗粒的整体结构依然存在,说明颗粒有一定缓释能力。