施氮量对大穗型二系杂交水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响(英文)

[目的]研究施氮量对大穗型二系杂交水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响。[方法]以2个大穗型二系杂交水稻品种培杂67和培杂88为材料,研究3种不同施氮水平(LN:90kg/hm2;MN:180kg/hm2;HN:270kg/hm)2对大穗型二系杂交水稻强弱势粒充实度和灌浆特性的影响。[结果]施氮量过高会降低弱势粒灌浆速率,延长灌浆时间,致使在叶片功能明显衰退后,弱势粒尚不能完成充实过程,造成弱势粒充实度下降;而施氮量过低则会降低弱势粒最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率,增大强、弱势粒之间平均灌浆速率的差异,从而造成弱势粒粒重和充实度下降。施氮量对强势粒充实度影响不大。[结论]该研究结果为氮肥的合理施用以及提高水稻产量和氮肥利用率提供了理论依据。     

新疆猪牙花种子生物学特性研究

[目的]对新疆猪牙花种子生物学特性进行研究,为新疆猪牙花驯化引种提供科学依据.[方法]对新疆猪牙花果实和种子的基本形态和解部特征进行研究;并对种子千粒重、含水量、种子生活力和发芽率以及种皮透性等进行测定.[结果]新疆猪牙花果实为蒴果,具3棱,鲜果粒横径11.0～35.0 mm.纵径12.0～45.5 mm,单果重量0.5 ～4.5 g.阴干种子横径为1.0～2.3 mm,纵径1.5～4.0mm,厚度1.0～1.5 mm.种子成熟期6月中旬至下旬,千粒重为7.8g,种子生活力为93.6％,含水量为12.04％,浸种12 h后,种子吸水率达70％.不同浓度的种子浸提液可明显抑制白菜种子的发芽和幼根生长并一定程度上抑制种子本身的生长,不同药物处理对新疆猪牙花种子没有影响,新疆猪牙花种子种皮无吸水障碍,新疆猪牙花种子有明显的休眠特性.种子体眠的主要原因与胚形态、晚熟及发芽抑制物有关.[结论]新疆猪牙花种子透水性较好,吸水不存在障碍,因此其种皮透性不是引起种子体眠的原因.     

培养料中棉籽成分对平菇生长的影响

探索了培养料中不同棉籽含量、转基因棉籽和非转基因棉籽对平菇生长的影响，结果发现：培养料中棉籽含量超过20％，就会影响平菇的常年栽培；超过40％，会导致不出菇；超过70％，会导致茵丝体不生长。棉籽含量超过30％的培养料，会出现氨味和臭味，且菌丝难以在菌棒内部生长；低于30％的培养料，随着棉籽含量的增加，前期茵丝的生长速度减慢，但不影响菌丝满袋时间、菇蕾形成时间。培养料中含有不同品种转基因棉籽、非转基因棉籽，不影响菌丝长势、菌丝满袋时间。     

杂交茎瘤芥涪杂一号制种技术研究

涪杂一号是用茎瘤芥胞质雄性不育系96118-3A与自交系92154杂交培育的新品种,虽产量高,品质好,但制种产量一直很低,严重制约该品种推广.试验结果表明,最佳播栽期父母本相差5天,行比1:3,密度12000株/667 m2,母本现蕾和抽薹时喷施300mg·kg-1多效唑液,能够使制种产量达20～25 kg/667 m2.     

西葫芦不同雌花位种瓜对杂交一代种子产量的影响

以花叶西葫芦为母本，黑龙江小白皮为父本配制杂交一代种子，观察不同雌花位种瓜对种子产量的影响。结果表明，第２雌花位种瓜种子产量，千粒重最大。在人工授粉条件下，其单瓜种子粒数分别较第１、第３雌花位种瓜增加１１４．４粒、４３粒；其单瓜种子重量亦分别增加５６．９％和１７．０％。     

悬浮剂型种衣剂的悬浮稳定性和流动性

本文讨论了悬浮剂型种衣剂的悬浮稳定性和流动性。研究结果表明，悬浮性和流动性与原工的粒子大小、体系的粘度和触变性凝胶网络的形成相关。所得结论为工业生产优质种衣剂提供理论和实验依据。     

Influence of leaf and silique photosynthesis on seeds yield and seeds oil quality of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

With the purpose of enhancing oil production, the present work was carried out to elucidate relationships between photosynthesis of leaves, siliques and seeds yield and seeds oil accumulation of oilseed rape. Field trials, in which two repeated experiments was carried out during 2012–2014 growth season, a rape hybrids the “Qin You No.7” (Brassica napus L.) variety was taken into account. The results showed that, on rape plant the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid contents of leaf were significantly higher than that of silique shell. Oil content of 94.7% was achieved in young seeds (sampled at 25th day after flowering ending stage of the tested rape plant) versus to mature seeds, saturated fatty acids percent was higher whereas oleic acid percent was lower of oil extracted from young seeds. During flowering period of the rape plants tested, area and dry weight of leaves attained maximum, treatments of removing leaves induced reduction in seeds number per silique, siliques number, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content, these indexes were respectively decreased by 73.6%, 43.4%, 83.4% and 10.5% in maximum, and seeds oil composition was not significantly influenced; during seeds growing period of the tested plants, surface area and dry weight of siliques attained maximum, under shading siliques treatment, the 1000-seed weight, seeds yield per plant and seeds oil content were respectively reduced by 57.5%, 61.4% and 44.7% in maximum, and seeds oil oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3) percent was decreased, linolic acid (C18:2) and erucidic acid (C22:1) percent was increased. So for oilseed rape plant during flowering period, surface area and photosynthesis of leaves dramatically influenced siliques number, seeds number and seeds yield; while in seeds growth period, surface area and photosynthesis of siliques greatly influenced 1000-seed yield, seeds yield, seeds oil content and oil composition; oil accumulation in rape seeds initiated early since seeds commencing growth, seed mature degree influenced oil composition of seeds.     

不同品系鸭茅种子生产性能的比较研究

[目的]选出适合重庆渝西地区进行种子生产且种子生产性能高的鸭茅品系。[方法]对目前国内外常见的几个鸭茅品系在重庆渝西地区的种子生产性能、物候期等方面进行观测和研究,选出适合渝西地区进行种子生产的产量高、品质优的鸭茅品系。[结果]鸭茅在渝西地区均具有较好的种子生产性能,其中鸭茅01076的种子产量最高,达到512 kg/hm2,并且该品系的种子发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数是最高的分别达到49%、84%和11。[结论]01076是值得在渝西地区进行大面积的种子生产的鸭茅品系。     

苦豆子种子营养成分及其急性毒性

为了评价苦豆子种子的营养价值和急性毒性,按照国家标准法对苦豆子种子的营养成分进行检测分析,并采用改良寇氏法测定苦豆子种子提取物对小鼠灌胃的急性毒性,以期为苦豆子种子的资源化利用和安全性提供理论依据。营养成分检测显示,苦豆子种子粗蛋白为25.19%、粗脂肪为4.46%、粗纤维为20.22%,同时还含有Ca、P、Mg、K、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ze、Cr和Se等多种矿物质元素以及丰富的氨基酸,营养价值极高。急性毒性试验显示,用苦豆子种子醇浸膏和生物碱分别染毒后,高剂量组小鼠均出现明显的呼吸系统和神经系统症状,而低剂量组小鼠部分出现神经症状,但停止染毒后存活小鼠愈后良好。采用改良寇氏法计算出苦豆子种子醇浸膏的LD_(50)为1 406.05 mg/kg, 95%可信限为1 221.80～1 621.81 mg/kg;苦豆子种子生物碱的LD_(50)为416.87 mg/kg, 95%可信限为346.74～501.19 mg/kg。以上结果表明苦豆子种子营养价值高,且具有低等毒性,但经脱毒处理后可作为饲料资源开发利用。     

葫芦科营养钵苗单人操作嫁接机器人设计与试验

基于葫芦科营养钵苗的“贴接法”嫁接技术,设计了由穗木夹持搬运机构、穗木切削机构、砧木夹持搬运机构、砧木旋切机构、嫁接夹自动排列输送机构、嫁接钵苗自动排列摆放机构组成的葫芦科营养钵苗单人操作嫁接机器人。通过试验得出,该机器人的理论嫁接速度可达440株/h,实际操作嫁接速度达到285株/h,嫁接成功率为92%,与同类型的双人操作营养钵苗嫁接机相比,人均作业效率提高36%。增加了嫁接钵苗的后续自动排列摆放机构,提高了嫁接生产自动化程度。