Cu~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)浸种及喷施对绿豆产量及叶片部分生理指标的影响

该试验以绿豆品种白绿9号作为试验材料,使用浓度为50 mmol/L的CuSO_4、MgSO_4、FeSO_4溶液分别进行浸种、喷施、浸种+喷施处理,以蒸馏水处理为对照。探讨Cu~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)各处理对叶片叶绿素、SOD、POD、MDA的影响。结果表明:Cu~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)在绿豆分枝期、开花期、成熟期3个时期中均起到显著增加叶绿素、MDA含量,提高SOD、POD活性的作用,其中浸种处理效果最佳,Mg~(2+)、Fe~(2+)效果更好。     

医药院校食品添加剂课程教学探讨

为满足现代社会对食品添加剂安全及使用的要求,培养学生具有合理选择、正确使用食品添加剂以及分析、解决实际问题的能力,对食品添加剂课程定位、教学内容和教学方法进行探索,以期提高食品添加剂课程教学质量.     

大豆脂肪酸含量的QTL分析

利用Charleston(♀)×东农594(♂)的F14和F15代永久自交系群体154个单株后代,在2年3点条件下用气相色谱法测得其籽粒5种脂肪酸的含量,利用Win QTL Cartographer2.5复合区间作图法(CIM)进行QTL分析。结果共检测到47个相关的QTL,分布在13个连锁群上。多年多点同时检测到的QTL共有15个,其中控制软脂酸性状的2个,包括qPal-C2-2和qPal-A1-1;控制硬脂酸性状的4个,包括qSt-B1-1、qSt-B1-2、qSt-D1a-1和qSt-C2-1;控制油酸性状的3个,包括qOle-B2-1、qOle-G-1和qOle-H-1;控制亚油酸性状的有2个,包括qLin-C2-1和qLin-H-1;控制亚麻酸性状的4个,包括qLino-B1-1、qLino-C2-1、qLino-D1b-1和qLino-J-1。这些QTL的一致性较高,为特异脂肪酸含量标记辅助育种奠定了基础。大豆脂肪酸含量的主效QTL数量不多,效应大的不多,可能还受许多未能检测出来的微效基因控制。     

铁元素对农田人参丙二醛含量及防御酶活性的影响

[目的]研究Fe2＋对人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）叶中防御酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。[方法]采用叶面供Fe2＋的方法。试验共设5个处理,Fe2＋浓度分别为：0（对照）、0.005%、0.050%、0.500%、2.000%。[结果]随着供Fe2＋水平的升高,MDA含量先降低后升高,过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈持续上升趋势,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升高后降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。[结论]从生理角度揭示了铁元素在人参生长发育中的作用机理,为人参的合理施肥提供理论参考。     

围产期小尾寒羊血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量变化的研究

[目的]研究围产期小尾寒羊血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量的变化。[方法]选择20只年龄在2~5岁之间的小尾寒羊,其中10只为待产母羊,10只为空怀母羊,分别于产前20d、产前10d、产前1d、产后1d、产后10d、产后20d颈静脉采血,测定血清T-SOD活性和MDA含量。[结果]围产期小尾寒羊在整个围产期内血清中T-SOD活性呈先下降后逐渐升高的动态变化,其中,在产前1d出现最低值且围产期小尾寒羊T-SOD活性均低于空怀小尾寒羊;围产期小尾寒羊在整个围产期内血清中MDA含量呈先上升后逐渐下降的动态变化,其中,在产后1d出现最低值且围产期小尾寒羊MDA含量均高于空怀小尾寒羊。[结论]怀孕和分娩对小尾寒羊T-SOD活性和MDA含量有一定的影响。     

Identification and quantification of amines in the equine caecum

Acute laminitis has been associated with the release of compounds, as yet unidentified, produced by hindgut fermentation which affect blood flow to the digit. The objectives of this study were to identify amine compounds in equine caecal and colonic contents, some of which are known to have vasoactive properties. In addition, the concentrations of amines in caecal contents of horses fed either grass or hay diets were compared. Fifteen amines were identified in equine hindgut contents in concentrations greater than 1 microM. The caecal concentrations of phenylethylamine, isoamylamine, cadaverine, diaminoheptane and spermidine were significantly higher in horses on spring/summer grass compared with those on winter grass or hay. These data show that many amines are present in the equine hindgut, some of which may have the potential to cause peripheral vasoconstriction if released into the circulation from the gastrointestinal tract.     

多种提取方法比较野生与栽培蒲公英绿原酸含量

目的:比较野生与栽培蒲公英绿原酸含量。方法:利用紫外分光光度法,通过超声波法、乙醇回流法、甲醇回流法提取,分别测定野生蒲公英和栽培四倍体蒲公英的绿原酸含量。结果:超声波提取法:栽培蒲公英绿原酸含量0.41%,野生蒲公英绿原酸含量0.25%;乙醇回流法:栽培蒲公英绿原酸含量0.33%,野生蒲公英绿原酸含量0.23%;甲醇回流法:栽培蒲公英绿原酸含量0.31%,野生蒲公英绿原酸含量0.19%。结论:栽培蒲公英中绿原酸含量较高。     

Phenotypic characterisation of Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella strains isolated from grapevines: enzyme production and virulence of extra-cellular filtrate on grapevine calluses

Extra-cellular enzyme production of different Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaemoniella chlamydospora isolates were used to assay the possibility of inter-specific characterisation. Isolates of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaeoacremonium angustius, P. viticola and Ph. chlamydospora were grown on solid media and the activities of extra-cellular amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, laccase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, urease and chitinase were assayed. Phaeoacremonium species showed activities of a larger number of enzymes and also enzyme activity was frequently higher suggesting that Phaeoacremonium can be more virulent. To assay if the produced extra-cellular enzymes could reflect the virulence capacity of the two genera, calluses of Vitis vinifera L. (cvs. Baga and Maria Gomes) and of a rootstock (R3309) were inoculated with filtrated culture liquid medium of three isolates of Ph. chlamydospora and one of P. angustius. Filtrates from all strains decreased callus growth and membrane integrity, while soluble protein content of calluses decreased with the strains CAP 054 and 1AS. P. angustius (CAP 054) induced the more severe symptoms in all genotypes. Water content decreased together with an increase of osmolality in both cultivars but not in rootstock suggesting that osmorregulatory capacity is more affected in cultivars. Data show that: (1) Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella genera have different patterns of extra- cellular enzymatic production; (2) these fungi produce extra-cellular compound(s) that induce(s) senescence symptoms in plant cells inhibiting callus proliferation; (3) among the strains tested in plant calluses the most virulent isolate (CAP 054) also produced higher amounts of some extra-cellular enzymes; (5) rootstock calluses were less sensitive to inoculation than grapevine calluses.     

涂抹钙处理对套袋苹果果皮钙浓度与抗氧化特性的影响

以红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh cv.Fuji)为试材,研究了花后30 d在幼果果面涂抹0.5?(NO3)2对套袋苹果果皮钙吸收和抗氧化特性的影响.结果表明:套袋使苹果果皮的钙浓度和抗氧化酶活性都产生了影响,降低了果皮的钙浓度,同时在套袋期间,果皮的MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均低于对照,而去袋后,MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均有提高,高于对照.而果实进行涂抹钙处理后,提高了苹果果皮的钙浓度,同时也增高了果皮SOD、POD的活性,降低了MDA的含量,增强了果皮细胞清除超氧自由基的能力,抑制了膜脂过氧化过程,有利于减轻套袋苹果在去袋后环境胁迫所造成的伤害.     

复合微量元素缓释剂抗氧化作用及机理研究

为探讨复合微量元素缓释剂（CTER）的抗氧化作用及相关机理，选择年龄、胎次、体重和处于产奶中期、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛20头，随机分为2组，每组10头，试验组添加复合微量元素缓释剂弹丸（简称CTER组），对照组常规饲养管理，于添加复合微量元素缓释剂的0d、30d、60d、90d静脉采血，测定血液中GSH-Px活力和MDA含量；试验结果：与对照组相比较，CTER组GSH-Px活性增强，差异极显著（P〈0．01），而MDA含量则明显降低，差异显著（P〈0．05）。