柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍状况的主分量分析

采用主分量分析（PCA）方法对柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍化状况进行了研究，结果表明，该地属于中重度氯化物盐渍地、耕作层含盐量在0．5％－4．0％之间，盐分表聚强烈，基本无自然淋溶过程。耕作层第一、二主分量显著，累计贡献率高达95．0％左右，反映了该区土壤含盐量及盐离子分布规律，认为全盐量、Cl^-,Mg^2＋是该弃耕地盐渍环境的特征因子。     

柴达木盆地弃耕地水盐动态分析

对柴达木盆地盐碱化弃耕地水盐动态进行了监测，结果表明，该示范区地下水位年变幅为3．12－3．46m，处于临界水位以上，示范区土壤水盐季节动态受当地自然气候条件的影响强烈，在5月和8月皆出现有高峰期。     

四川盆地常见草坪病害与防治

通过对四川盆地常见的草坪草病害,如:锈病、褐斑病、白粉病等主要草坪病害的症状进行描述,探索草坪病害防治的有效措施,降低草坪草养护管理成本,提高生存环境质量。     

Selection of Adequate Species for Degraded Areas by Oil‐Exploitation Industry as a Key Factor for Recovery Forest in the Ecuadorian Amazon

One of the requirements for the forest restoration of soils disturbed by the oil‐exploitation industry is that saplings be able to endure soil‐adverse conditions. In this study, saplings of 20 species susceptible to be used in reforestation programs were evaluated for their ability to grow on substrates derived from soils disturbed by petroleum extractions in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Seeds of each species were planted in germination trays. Once seedlings reached 5 cm in height they were transplanted to plastic bags with three treatment substrates: two derived from petroleum‐exploitation activity (soils from mud and drill cutting cells and from areas surrounding oil wells) and a control soil. Plant survival rate, stem height, and diameter were measured on a weekly basis until 14 weeks after transplantation, when we harvested the plants and also measured plant biomass and calculated the Dickson quality index for each species. Oil‐exploitation by‐product substrates impaired the performance of many saplings, with the substrate from mud and drill cutting cells being the one that most affected plant performance. Only saplings of five native species in the Amazon basin—Apeiba membranaceae, Cedrelinga cateniformis, Inga densiflora, Myroxylon balsamum, and Pouroma cecropiifolia—exhibited high or similar Dickson quality index values in all soil treatments and performed better than the rest. The use of these five species in remediation of soils disturbed by petroleum extraction in the Amazon basin could prove important because of their high potential to adapt to these disturbed sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江流域生态修复工程的意义及对策

长江流域幅员辽阔 ,自然条件优越 ,水土保持生态建设已引起全社会各界的高度重视。充分发挥生态的修复能力 ,大面积迅速恢复植被和改善生态系统 ,正是顺应时代要求 ,从根本上解决长江流域水土流失防治步伐缓慢这一重大问题的最为有效途径。长江流域大部分地区雨量充沛 ,气候温和 ,植被类型繁多 ,大部分地区植物可全年生长 ,十分有利于植物的繁衍和生态的自我修复。多年的实践表明 ,发挥生态自我修复能力的主要对策是全面规划 ,采取科学的退耕还林、还草 ,实行封禁治理 ,合理解决好农村燃料、饲料和木材等问题 ,积极营造适应生态修复的外部环境和条件     

GIS平台构建在黄河流域水循环研究中的应用

探讨了GIS在水文学研究中的一般模式,在构建黄河流域水循环GIS平台时采用GIS与水文模型松散结合方式,基于VisualBasic可视化开发语言,以地理信息系统组件为基本单元,构建了用于存储和管理黄河流域水循环空间和属性数据的平台,并将所涉及到的各类数据统一坐标、统一格式、统一编码储存到平台中,为黄河流域水循环要素分析和水文过程研究提供数据支持。     

小江流域土壤抗冲性实验研究

采用原状土冲刷法,对小江流域土壤抗冲性进行测试研究,结果表明:小江流域水稻土的抗冲性最大,棕壤其次,红壤、紫色土和褐红壤抗冲性最小;小江流域草地的抗冲性最大,耕地和灌丛地其次,裸坡最小;小江流域土壤的抗冲性大小与土壤中>2mm或<0.002mm的颗粒含量有较大关系。     

基于分布式水文模型的水土保持水文水资源效应研究

 以往水土保持水文水资源效应研究所采取的方法均为水文法和水保法。由于这2种方法都不能系统地揭示水土保持对水循环影响的物理机制,并且采用的水资源评价口径只是单一的狭义水资源,使得研究成果不能真实反映水土保持的水文水资源效应。以狭义水资源和广义水资源为评价口径的基于物理机制的分布式水文模型则能克服水文法和水保法的严重弊端。评述分布式水文模型的研究进展;应用基于物理机制的分布式水文模型(WEP-L模型),以黄河流域的重点水土流失治理区——河口镇至龙门区间为例,对水土保持的水文水资源效应进行定量研究。结果表明:水土保持使广义水资源量增加72．6亿m3,增幅27．1％;使狭义水资源量减少9．0亿m3,减幅14．4％;使狭义水资源的构成发生了变化,即地表水资源量减小、不重复量和地下水资源量增加。     

黄河流域陕西片土壤侵蚀预报模型研究

以气候、地质、地形、植被及人类活动 5类因素中的 6个因子为预报因子 ,以陕西黄河流域水蚀区内 5大类型区中 3 3条小流域的实验观测资料和实地调查资料及有关科研单位的研究成果为基础 ,建立了适用于该区域的土壤侵蚀预报模型。据运用该模型对本区域内 4条小流域水土保持遥感普查成果和建模所用 3 3条小流域土壤侵蚀模数进行验证 ,证明该模型具有较高的精度 ,可以在陕西黄河流域水蚀区及条件相近的其他地区推广应用     

First data on the coastal dynamics and the sedimentary characteristics of the area influenced by the River Irminio basin (SE Sicily)

The various lithological outcrops in the drainage basin of the River Irminio are described for their contribution to the riverborne material and therefore to the sedimentary balance of the coastal strip. The main contribution to the present sedimentary balance of the subaqueous delta cannot be attributed to the River Irminio, owing to the extreme difference between fluvial and marine sediments. The river's hydraulic characteristics have not always been constant but have tended to decrease in three stages: the first, with a strong competence, shown by the Quaternary alluvial sediments with pebbles; the second, up to 1985, of medium competence, shown by sandy-gravelly deposits in the coastal strip and by finer sediments in the distal areas; the third, at the present day, with low competence, shown by a prevalently suspended load sediment with practically no fluvial influence and with a sedimentation dominated by the littoral currents; this is because between the 1960s and 1970s, owing to interventions along the river channel, the sediments from the basin were reduced to the point of non-existence and a new sedimentary cycle was set up on the delta with allochthonous sediments, exclusively made up of quartz clasts, whereas in the distal zones the mineralogical and compositional characteristics of the ancient river mouth were maintained.